氨氮胁迫对中华绒螯蟹免疫指标及肝胰腺组织结构的影响洪美玲

洪美玲1,2,陈立侨1,顾顺樟1,刘超1,龙章强1,张伟1(1.,200062;2.,571158):(Eriocheirsinensis),(71.25±1.13)g。(,1mg/L)、(10mg/LNH4Cl)、(50mg/LNH4Cl)、(100mg/LNH4Cl)4,1、3、5、15,15d。:(1)3(DHC)(13)(P0.05);5,;15,DHC,(P0.05)。(SOD)(CAT),;,SODDHC,CAT5(P0.05),3(P0.05),15。(MDA),MDA,,MDA;(2),315d,B,,;,、,。,,DHC,MDA,,。。[,2007,14(3):412-418]:;;;B:Q959.223　　　:A　　　:1005-8737-(2007)03-0412-07:2006-10-17;:2006-12-21.:(30271012,30300265);(05XD14005);(20040269011);(06DJ14003);(2005C12006—01).:(1976-),,,,:.E-mail:[e-mail]:.E-mail:[e-mail]　　,,、,,[1]。[2]、[3]、[4],。,,,[5],。,。,,[6-8]。,,[9]。,,,,,。1　1.1　20059,,,、,(71.25±1.13)g,。,96h-LC50325.07mg(NH4Cl)/L,4:(HC),100mg/L;(MC),50mg/L;14320075　　　　　JournalofFisherySciencesofChinaVol.14No.3May2007(LC),10mg/L;,,1mg/L。50g/LNH4Cl,3。,(23±2)℃,pH7.45±1.53,6.0～6.5mg/L。8∶00、4∶001,12∶001/6,,pH。,4h,4(98.87±0.14)mg/L、(50.12±0.21)mg/L、(10.08±0.11)mg/L、(1.0±0.02)mg/L。1.2　1.2.1　　1、3、5、15,6,,51mL。(510mmol/L;100mmol/L;200mmol/L;30mmol/L;10mmol/L;pH7.3),1∶1,(4℃),,,;(4000r/min,4℃)20min,,。(DHC)Olympus。SOD[10],:50%1(U/mgprot)。CATMarks[11],:1(U/mgprot)。MDA,。Bradford[12],(Bovineserumalbumin,BSA)(AM-RESCO)。1.2.2　　15,3,,,,Bouin,24h,,5μm,HE,OLYMPUS-2。1.3　X±SE,(One-wayANOVA)。3LSD,,Duncan,0.05。SPSS13.0。2　2.1　1,35,DHC,(P0.05)。13,DHC(P0.05),15,HC(P0.05)。1　DHCTab.1　EffectofambientammoniaonDHCinhaemolymphofE.sinensisn=9;X±SE;×106cells/mL/dDays()Group(NH+4-Nconcentration)LC(10mg/L)MC(50mg/L)HC(100mg/L)Control(1mg/L)1156.50±3.80a＊161.60±6.89a＊146.25±6.57a＊215.00±12.813236.00±6.72b＊220.10±6.61b＊174.75±6.76a＊248.00±5.585271.42±11.89c261.10±43.35b230.17±21.13b229.50±8.1015232.00±13.52bc210.75±18.92b150.33±9.04a＊251.60±16.51:＊(P0.05);(P0.05).Note:Valueswithasterisksinthesamelineindicatesignificantdifferenceswithrespecttothecontrol(P0.05);valueswithdifferentlettersinthesamecolumnindicatesignificantdifferencesamongdifferentdaysundersameambientammoniaexposure(P0.05).　　5,3SOD(P0.05)。,MCHCSOD(P0.05),LCSOD13:413　　(P0.05)。,,(P0.05),2。2　SODTab.2　EffectsofambientammoniaonSODactivityinhaemolymphofE.sinensisn=9;X±SE;U/mgprot/dDays()Group(NH+4-Nconcentration)LC(10mg/L)MC(50mg/L)HC(100mg/L)Control(1mg/L)1322.11±38.94a＊187.56±12.17a＊132.29±16.46a＊211.99±21.733223.42±15.64bc192.24±12.98a＊184.88±10.76ab＊239.71±10.795314.54±34.02ab283.79±16.83b227.46±28.09b242.32±25.7115206.77±25.13c155.13±8.73a＊138.82±4.09a＊233.50±11.00:＊(P0.05);(P0.05).Note:Valueswithasterisksinthesamelineindicatesignificantdifferenceswithrespecttothecontrol(P0.05);valueswithdifferentlettersinthesamecolumnindicatesignificantdifferencesamongdifferentdaysundersameambientammoniaexposure(P0.05).　　13,LCMCCAT,HC(P0.05)。3CAT5,(P0.05)。15,LCMCCAT,3(P0.05),3。3　CATTab.3　EffectsofambientammoniaonCATactivityinhaemolymphofE.sinensisn=9;X±SE;U/mgprot/dDays()Group(NH+4-Nconcentration)LC(10mg/L)MC(50mg/L)HC(100mg/L)Control(1mg/L)14.44±0.11a＊3.20±0.17a＊1.59±0.19a＊2.47±0.15a33.50±0.13b＊3.69±0.32a＊1.41±0.10ab＊2.46±0.26a51.30±0.17c＊0.88±0.10b＊1.12±0.14b＊2.09±0.13ab152.08±0.26d1.83±0.40c1.36±0.14ab1.98±0.30b:＊(P0.05);(P0.05).Note:Valueswithasterisksinthesamelineindicatesignificantdifferenceswithrespecttothecontrol(P0.05);valueswithdifferentlettersinthesamecolumnindicatesignificantdifferencesamongdifferentdaysundersameambientammoniaexposure(P0.05).　　,MDA,LC515MDA(P0.05),13(P0.05);MCHCMDA31,(P0.05)。,HCMDA(4)。4　MDATab.4　EffectsofambientammoniaonMDAlevelinhaemolymphofE.sinensisn=9;X±SE;nmol/mgprot/dDays()Group(NH+4-Nconcentration)LC(10mg/L)MC(50mg/L)HC(100mg/L)Control(1mg/L)112.70±0.60a16.10±1.96a31.95±2.67a＊17.12±1.15318.12±1.21a24.82±1.99b＊44.81±3.79b＊16.64±0.70528.18±3.28b＊31.25±2.68bc＊58.30±4.83c＊20.61±2.721527.61±4.00b＊34.10±2.36c＊63.08±4.55c＊22.40±3.49:＊(P0.05);(P0.05).Note:Valueswithasterisksinthesamelineindicatesignificantdifferenceswithrespecttothecontrol(P0.05);valueswithdifferentlettersinthesamecolumnindicatesignificantdifferencesamongdifferentdaysundersameambientammoniaexposure(P0.05).414　　142.2　,,(Ⅰ-1)。NH4Cl,15d,。LC,B,,;;(Ⅰ-2)。MC,B、,,;;;(Ⅰ-3)。HC,B;,,、,,,,(Ⅰ-4)。3　3.1　,。,[10,13]。,[14]。,,,[5]。,,[15]。,,,,[16]。,,,,[17]。,,,[17],,,15d,(P0.05)。,,,,。SODCAT,。,SODCAT,,。Stebbing[18],,“”(Poison-intoxicationeffect),。,,。,,,,[19]。,,,,。3.2　4:E-()、B-()、R-()、F-()。E,,。B,;R,;F[20]。:(Macrobrachiummalcolmsonii)(10.6ng/L)21d,R[21];(Chasmagnathusgran-ulatus)(17.6ng/d)7d,B[22]。,15d,,3B,,3:415　　,,。,Köhler[23](Carcinusmae-nas),F/BP-,。P-。,。,,,,Jiravanichpaisal[24]。,,Pinho[22](Chasmagnathusgranulatus)。,,、[25],。,,,,,。:[1]　ChenJC,KouCT.NitrogenousexcretioninMacrobrachiumrosenbergiiatdifferentpHlevels[J].Aquaculture,1996,144:155-164.[2]　KasturiR,LutzA,PeterC.AmmoniatoxicityanditseffectonthegrowthoftheSouthAfricanabaloneHaliotismidaeLin-naeus[J].Aquaculture,2006,261:678-687.[3]　RebeloMF,SantosEA,MonserratJM.AmmoniaexposureofChasmagnathusgranulata(Crustacea,Decapoda)Dana,1851:ac-cumulationinhaemolymphandeffectsonosmoregulation[J].CompBiochemPhysiolA,1999,122:429-435.[4]　RacottaIS,Hernndez-HerreraR.Metabolicresponsesofthewhiteshrimp,Penaeusvannamei,toambientammonia[J].CompBiochemPhys