半导体光催化剂及其改性技术进展张彭义

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5319976   ADVANCESINENVIRONMENTALSCIENCE   Vol.5,No.3June.1997张彭义 余 刚 蒋展鹏(清华大学环境工程系,北京100084),、、、,。:   1972FujishimaHonda[1]NatureTiO2。,、、、,,。,。,、200,ASME,[2-12]。,。。,,。,、、X、X、,;,-、、、-,,。一、半导体的光催化作用原理1.,,(VB)(CB)。,,。TiO2,pH13.2eV((Eg)3eV,Eg3eV,[13]),、1[10,11,14,15]。,,,。(1)[11],(1),。λg(nm)=1240Eg(eV)(1)1 pH1(ZnS,SrTiO3,BaTiO3,Fe2O3,CdOpH7)  2 2,(),,/,,/。,H(,)/KCT、KR[10]:H ∝ KCTKCT+KR(2),,:,,;2           :           5,。,,。,;;;,。2.(rB=h2XX0/(e2cmeff)[11],(Q)10~100•,(QSE)。,;。,CdS26•,2.6eV3.6eV[16,17]。,ΔE(3)[16-20]。/,。ΔE=h2c22R21m*e+1m*h-1.786e2XR-0.248ERY(3)AvnirFarin()[21-24]。“”,、,。,,D,。AR:A∝RD-3,S()A,S∝RD-3R,DR。vS,:v∝RD-3R,。DR≤D,;DRD,。,,。二、半导体光催化剂的改性技术1.GerischerHeller[25,26],,O2。Kesselmam[27]TiO2,;1.3×1013cm-2s-1,75%。O2,,。,O2。,,;,(sacrificialorganecs)、,,。,,;33           :           ,10wt%Pt,6%[10];0.5wt%PtTiO2,Pts/OH3%[28]。ⅧPt[28-33],Pd[34,35],Ag[36-39],Au[40,41],Ru[42]。,、。,Ru-fus,B.I.[34]PdCdS,CdS,CdS517nm。,、。WangCh-M.[35],O2(O2),TiO2,PdTiO2,,TiO2。NicoleJ.R.[28]、PtTiO2。,Pt0.5~10wt%,Pt,PZC(pH)PZZP(pH),TiO2,PtTiO2。K.Hadji-ivanov[36]IRAg+TiO2(),Ag+α-Lewis,。Ag。Ag,α-LewisTiO2。,,。n-,,(schottkybarrier)[13]。,,[10]。2.1990,Verwey[43],。、。,,,[44-49]。,。TiO20.5wt%Fe3+NO2-NO3-[50]MV2+[51];Mg2+[43]N2NH3,Cr3+。Choi[52]21TiO2,。0.5atom%TiO2,Fe(Ⅲ),1815;,Li+、Mg2+、Al3+、Zn2+、Ga3+、Zr4+、Nb5+、Sn4+、Sb5+、Ta5+;A∞,A∞,。Butler[53]10-5mol/LCu(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅲ)Mn(Ⅱ),,,,、(H2O2、O2·)。,[54]4           :           5,-。,-。Gratzel[55]Fe、V、MoTiO2EPR,Ti3+,Fe3+-,V;Mo6+,Mo5+。[52],Fe3+、V4+、Ru3+TiO2200μs50ms,Co2+Al3+5μs。,。e-/h+,0.2V[56]。(4)e-/h+。W,e-/h+。W=(2XX0Vs/eNd)(4):W—,X—,X0,Vs—,Nd—,e—。,e-/h+,e-/h+R,[4]K∝exp(-2R/a0)(5):a0—;R—e-/h+。,;,,R,K。3.400nm,TiO2,4%。,。,。70[57,58],0.1%。80,30%~80%,,ErythrosinB,Thionine[59],(eosine),(chloro-phyllin),[60]Ru(bpy)2+3,[61],[62],KamatP.V.-9-[63]TiO2。,[64]、Porphyrins[65]。(),(),,。、3[63]。PatrickB.KamatP.V.[59]ThionineZnO,Thionine(singlet),(triplet);ZnO,88μs15μs。Hong,A.[66]TiO2-CoTSP((Ⅱ)4,4’,4’’,4’’’-TiO253           :           3 )Na2SO3,TiO2-CoTSP()。UchiharaT.[67]EDTACdSCdSe(),EDTA。,1,2-。,Vrachnou[68]TiO2,,,37%。4.。,——。Nozik[69]—,p-n-p。,,TiO2-CdS[70-75]、TiO2-CdSe[76]、TiO2-SnO2[77]、TiO2-PbS、TiO2-WO3[78]、CdS-ZnO[70]、CdS-AgI[75]、CdS-HgS[79]、ZnO-ZnS[80]。,TiO2-SnO210[81],TiO2-WO3[78]TiO2WO31,4-。。TiO2-CdS,4a,,TiO2CdS。,TiO2,CdS,,。,4b,,CdS,CdSTiO2。TiO2,CdS,。TiO2-CdS,5×1010s-1,TiO2-9-[63](9-AC),,。Bedja[77],。—(CappedSemiconductor),4c,,。,Al2O3[82]、SiO2[83,84]、ZrO2[85]。,,。,。,,。[86],Bronst,,Lewis。[87]6           :           54 。,,。WO3-TiO2,WO33mol%[78];TiAl,TiO250mol%[82]。。5.,、、[88]。1955R.M.BanerD.M.Macleod[89],smectites(),(Si8)Ⅳ(Al4)Ⅵ(OH)4(ⅣⅥ46),AlSi,[90],,,。[90,91]。,,,,,“”,。EnaBard[92],CdS。Stramel[93]CdS,,。Sterte[94],TiCl4HClNa+-Ca2+TiO2-CLM(TiO2)。Yamanaka,S[95,96]Ti(OC3H7)4TiO2,2-、、、、,,CO2TiO2,,Pt/TiO2/;TiO2/15•,,TiO20.58eV,348nm。Hi-rokaza,M.[97]Fe2O3α-Fe2O3,、、。,Kazunari,D.[98]Ni-K4Nb6O17,Ni,,。三、结 语,73           :           。。、、,,,,。,/,,、。,,,,,。   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