半干旱地区海水养殖废水灌溉菊芋效应初探赵耕毛

235Vol.23No.520059AgriculturalResearchintheAridAreasSept.2005①赵耕毛,刘兆普*,陈铭达,寇伟锋(,　210095)　:2004年4～10月,在半干旱的莱州地区布置微区试验,以研究海水养殖废水与微咸水混合灌溉菊芋的作物效应。结果表明:水分临界期淡水灌溉明显促进菊芋茎杆生长,而其它处理茎杆生长受到了不同程度抑制。1∶3,1∶4处理菊芋茎杆的横向生长最快,茎粗分别达到3.0cm和2.97cm;其次为CK1、CK2和1∶2处理,1∶1处理菊芋茎粗最小。未灌溉处理地上部的生物量最高,达到2.92kg/株。CK2次之,而各海水养殖废水与微咸水混合灌溉处理,地上部生物量有所下降,其中1∶3、1∶4处理下降21.6%和17.5%;1∶1和1∶2处理则分别下降26.4%和29.1%。地下部生物量最高,CK2次之,但与其它处理(除1∶4处理)无明显差异;1∶1处理地下部生物量最低。水分胁迫能够促进菊芋茎、叶、根系生长,但限制了块茎的形成和干物质的积累,而低矿化度的海水养殖废水与微咸水混合灌溉促进了菊芋块茎的正常膨大以及干物质的累积,从而取得最高产量。:废水灌溉;菊芋;株高;茎粗;生物量:S273.5　　:A　　:1000-7601(2005)05-0159-05　　2080,、,,,[1,2]。90,,。21,[3,4]。、、,,。,,[5,6]。,(),,。——,。1　1.1　(“863”),(),550mm,2116.2mm。20041。(HelianthustuberosusL.),,、、、,。,,,。,1。6:CK1(),CK2()1∶1、1∶2、1∶3、1∶4。3,。,1.5m×1.5m×1m,20cm,10cm。2004315,40cm×25cm。()2000kg/667m2。(620)(911)。90m3/667m2,0.2。2。1.2　2004,[7];6(),。、①:2005-03-25:(30470331):(1975-),,,,。　　*　:,:025-84396678;:025-84396678;E-mail:[e-mail]、。SDM6,,E601B;AWH-30kg。1　Fig.1　Rainfallandevaprationduringexperiment1.3　EXCELSPSS11.0,、、、(a,b,P=0.05;)。2　2.1　6,,,。,6,。(2)。2,CK1,,,248.47cm。CK2,282.83cm;1∶1、1∶2、1∶3,,241.10、246.03、245.63cm,CK1,。1∶4,,(CK2)。,((r=-0.814,P=0.186)。1　Table1　SoilbasicpropertiesintheexperimentDepth(cm)pHTDSBulkdensity(mg/m3)Particlecomposition(%)Sand2～0.02mmSilt\=0.02～0.002mmClay0.0020～207.580.211.2782.68.98.520～408.260.311.5882.68.19.346～608.080.661.4882.78.09.32　Table2　BasicchemicalpropertiesofirrigatedwaterWabersamplepHECdS/m)TN(mg/l)IN(mg/l)TP(mg/l)RP(mg/l)Slightlysalinewater7.734.151.440.860.700.33Mariculturewasterwater8.1825.46.103.303.141.13　　,(3)。1∶31∶4,,3.0cm2.97cm。CK1、CK21∶2,2.90、2.832.73cm,。1∶1,,2.63cm。,(1∶1),,(1∶31∶4),。,160　　　　　　　23()(r=-0.920,P=0.080)。2.2　(3)。:CK1,,2.92kg/。CK2,,2.73kg/。,。1∶31∶421.6%17.5%。1∶11∶2,,26.4%29.1%,P=0.05。()(r=-0.701,p=0.296)。2　Fig.2　EffectsofirrigationwithmariculturewasterwaterblendedwithslightlysalinegroundwateronstemheightandwidthofHelianthustuberosusL.3　Fig.3　EffectsofirrigationwithwaterwaterblendedwithslightlysalinegroundwateronbiomassofHelianthustuberosusL.　　。1∶4,0.623kg/。CK2,(1∶4)。1∶1,0.368kg/。,()(r=-0.845,P=0.155)。,(1∶11∶2)。(1∶4),。2.3　31615:。,CK1,CK21∶4,,,。CK1,;CK2;,,,。,。,,1∶31∶4。1∶11∶2,1∶428.8%15.5%。,,;,,。3　Table3　Effectsofirrigationwithmaricuturewasterwaterblendedwithslightlysalincgroundwateronyields(FW)ofHelianthustuberosusL.TreatmentYield(kg/m2)+StemandleafRootTuberCK16.06±1.56a1.93±0.38a4.47±0.17bCK24.44±0.15b1.67±0.16ab5.92±0.52a1∶14.91±0.83ab1.27±0.20c4.42±0.27b1∶24.91±0.67ab1.38±0.21bc5.25±0.29ab1∶35.08±0.11ab1.51±0.17bc6.06±0.47a1∶44.37±0.56b1.61±0.11abc6.21±0.29a3　　:1∶4,1∶31∶4,,,。,,。1∶4,、。。(2004)[8],(10%),。(1999)[10],,,,。EliasBassil(2002)[10](6.7dS/m),,,。,(),,,。:[1]　,.[J].,2000,30(4):575-582.[2]　,　,.[J].,2002,21(2):74-78.[3]　Paez-OsunaF,GraciaA,Flores-VerdugoF,etal.ShrimpaquaculturedevelopmentandtheenvironmentintheGulfofCaliforniaecoregion[J].MarinePollutionBulletin,2003,46:806-815.[4]　BoydClaudeE.Guidelinesforaquacultureeffluentmanagementatthefarmlevel[J].Aquaculture,2003,226:101-112.[5]　,,.[J].,2002,21(3):10-13.[6]　,.[J].,2003,(4):38-39.[7]　.[M].:162　　　　　　　23,1999.[8]　,,,.[J].,2004,22(3):60-63.[9]　,,,.[J].,1999,(4):11-14.[10]　EliasS,Bassil,StephenR.Kaffla,Responseofsafflower(CarthamustinctoriusL.)tosalinesoilsandirrigationⅡ.Cropresponsetosalinity[J].AgriculturalWaterManagement,2002,54:81-89.EffectsofmariculturewastewaterirrigationongrowthandyieldsofHelianthustuberosusL.insemiaridareaofLaizhouZHAOGeng-mao,LIUZhao-pu,CHENMing-da,KOUWei-feng(CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentalSciences,NanjingAgriculturalUniversity,Nanjing210095,China)Abstract:FromApriltoOctoberin2004,amicro-plotepxerimentwasconductedinthesemiaridareaofLaizhoutostudytheeffectsofirrigationwithmariculturewasterwaterblendedwithslightlysalinegroundwaterongrowthandyieldsofHelianthustuberosusL.Theresultsshowedthattheirrigationwithfreshwatercouldremarkablyhastenthestemgrowth,butthestemheightofothertreatmentswererestrainedduetowaterorsaltstress.Thestemwidthof1∶3and1∶4treatmentswasthelargest,being3.0cmand2.97cmrespectively;thatofCK1,CK2and1∶2treatmentwas2.90,2.83and2.73cm,respectively;andthatof1∶1treatmentwasthesmallest,being2.63cm.TheabovegrounedbiomassofCK1reachedthehighestvalueof2.92kg/plant;thatofCK2wasthenext;andthatof1∶1,1∶2,1∶3and1∶4treatmentswasdecreasedby26.4%,29.1%,21.6%and17.5%respectively,whencomparedwithCK1.Theundergroundbiomassof1∶4treatmentwas0.623kg/plant;thatofCK2wasthenext;andthatof1∶1treatmentwasthelowest,being0.368kg/plant.Therefore,waterstresscouldacceleratethegrowthofstems,leavesandrootsofHelianthustuberosusL.,butrestrainthegrowthoftubers.UsinglowconcentrationofmaricultwrewasteuaterblendedwithslightlysalinewatertoirrigateHelianthustuberosusL.couldimproedrymatteracumulationoftubers,thusachievinghighyields.Keywords:mariculturewasterwater;HelianthustuberosusL.;stemheight;stemwidth;biomass2006《》,。;。“”《》、《》。,、、。、,;;;;;;;、、;、。《》,:82-169,:CN11-3996/S,:ISSN1008-505X。16144,25,15,90。:82-169。200612,(),。　:10008112《》　:010-68918653　Email:[e-mail]　[e-mail]　　http: