北方地区农村污水治理技术评述谢良林

谢良林,黄翔峰＊,刘佳,陆丽君,关炜　(,,200092)　农村污水已经是我国非点源污染的重要组成部分。针对我国农村的实际情况,考虑北方地区气候偏低等因素,结合目前国内外农村污水处理的研究成果,对适合我国北方农村地区的人工湿地、毛细管土地渗滤、稳定塘3种生态型污水处理技术进行了评述。　北方地区;农村污水;人工湿地;毛细管土地渗滤;稳定塘　X703.1　　　A　　　0517-6611(2008)19-08267-03CommentonRuralSewageTreatmentTechnologyinNorthernChinaXIELiang-linetal　(CollegeofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,StateKeyLaboratoryofPollutionControlandResourceReuse,TongjiUniver-sity,Shanghai200092)Abstract　Ruralsewagewasanimportantpartofnon-pointsourcepollutioninChina.InviewoftheactualeconomicsituationinruralareasinChinaandtakingintoaccountoffactorssuchastheclimateoflowtemperatureinthenorthernChina,combiningthepresentresearchresultsofruralsewagetreatmentbothathomeandabroadatpresent,threekindsofecologicalsewagetreatmenttechnologiesofconstructedwetland,capillarysoilfiltrationandstabilizationpond,whichweresuitablefortheruralareainnorthernChina,wasreviewed.Keywords　Northernarea;Ruralsewage;Constructedwetland;Capillarysoilfiltration;Stabilizationpond　谢良林(1986-),男,江西樟树人,硕士研究生,研究方向:水污染生态处理技术。＊通讯作者,E-mail:[e-mail]。　2008-04-29　　80t,,80%,,,[1]。,“”,,。,,。,,,。1　,。,20%～30%,1991,[2]。、,,20002005,[3-4]。,,[5]。,。,,。,、、、。,2006《》,;2010,1。,。。2　,,,。,:①,,,,;②,;③,,;④、,(3.5～5.0)[6-7]。,。,。1,[8]。,[9],、、[10-14]。、、、,。、、,。,、,,,,,,,,。3　3.1　　:、,,JournalofAnhuiAgri.Sci.2008,36(19):8267-8269　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　罗芸　　李洪;、。,,[15]。、、、,[15-19]。2。,。,。,BOD、COD、TSS[16-17]。N、P[20-21]。N、P。N、P,。,、,[22]。,,。、、、PVC、、[23-27]。。N、P,。,、、[28]。3.2　　,,,、、、、[29]。,,、,,。,,,、。,、、,N、P,。。2、,TN,TP、NH4-N,,[30]。ArveHeistad,3,BOD、N、P97%、33%99.4%[5]。,,,,1,CODcr、BOD5SS86%、85%91%,,[11]。,,、。,。,。,pH,P,P,pH,pH,,,pH,,pH[5]。3.3　　,、、[31]。[32-33]。,[34]。。,、[12]。,,,[13-14]。,,,,,,,。,。Ham(-0.2℃,-12℃),TSSBOD,TNTP25%28%,TNTP51%46%,N、P,,50%[14]。4　(1),,,。,,。(2)、、,。,8268　　　　　　　　　　　　　安徽农业科学　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　2008,,。(3),,。,。[1]郑安.农村污水处理亟待重视[J].中华建设,2007(9):11-12.[2]COUNCILOFTHEEUROPEANCOMMUNITIES.Urbanwastewaterwreatmentwirective91/271/EEC[Z].OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities,1991.[3]LEFFELRE.Processdesignmanual:Wastewatertreatmenttacilitiesforseweredsmallcommunities[Z].USEPA-625/1-77-009,1977.[4]FAHDK,MARTINl,SALASJJ.Thecarrióndeloscéspedesexperimentalplantandthetechnologicaltransfercentre:UrbanwastewatertreatmentexperimentalplatformsforthesmallruralcommunitiesintheMediterraneanarea[J].Desali-nation,2007,215(1/3):12-21.[5]HEISTADA,ADAMM,VRALEPL,etal.Ahigh-performancecompactfiltersystemtreatingdomesticwastewater[J].EcologicalEngineering,2006,28(4):374-379.[6]吴文学,郝阳,张利伟,等.中国农村小型分散式污水处理系统研究[J].中国科技信息,2006,10(19):56-57.[7]贺墨梅,刘淼.污水集中式与分散式处理技术的比较研究[J].西南给排水,2006,28(4):20-23.[8]王君如,杨健.分散性污水处理技术新进展[J].油气田环境保护,2005,15(4):24-27.[9]BRISSAUDF.Lowtechnologysystemforwastewatertreatment:perspectives[J].WaterScience&Technology,2007,55(7):1-9.[10]MARTINAI,BETANCORTJR,PIDREJR.Contributionofnon-conventionaltechnologiesforsewagetreatmenttoimprovethequalityofbathingwaters[J].Desalination,2007,215(1/3):82-89.[11]张书武,王军.毛细管润湿式污水自然净化法的中试研究[J].青岛理工大学学报,2006,27(1):110-113[12]HEAVENS,SALTERAM,CLARKED.Influenceofannulclimatevariabilityandesignandoperationofwastestabilisationpondsforcontinentalclimates[J].WaterScience&Technology,2007,55(11):37-46.[13]SURAMPALLIRY,BANERJISK,TYAGIRD,etal.Integratedadvancednat-uralwastewatertreatmentsystemforsmallcommunities[J].WaterScience&Technology,2007,55(11):239-243.[14]JOHNSONM,CAMARGOMA,MARADD.Maturationponds,rockfilitersandreedbedsintheUK:Statisticalanalysisofwinterperformance[J].WaterSci-ence&Technology,2007,55(11):135-142.[15]HAMJH,YOONCG,JEONJH,etal.Feasibilityofaconstructedwetlandandwastewaterstabilisationpondsystemasasewagereclamationsystemfora-griculturalreuseinadecentralisedruralarea[J].WaterScience&Technology,2007,55(1/2):503-511.[16]MUNOZPM,DRIZOAW,HESSIONC.Flowpatternsofdairywastewatercon-structedwetlandsinacoldclimate[J].WaterResearch,2006,40(17):3209-3218.[17]BRIXH,ARIASCA.Theuseofverticalflowconstructedwetlandsforon-sitetreatmentofdomesticwastewater:NewDanishGuidelines[J].EcologicalEngi-neering,2005,25(5):491-500.[18]SOLANOML,SORIANOP,CIRIAMP.Constructedwetlandsasasustainablesolutionforwastewatertreatmentinsmallvillages[J].BiosystemsEngineering,2004,87(1):109-118.[19]WERKERAG,DOUGHERTYJM,MCHENRYJL.Treatmentvariabilityforwetlandwastewatertreatmentdesignincoldclimates[J].EcologicalEngineer-ing,2002,19(1):1-11.[20]PICARDCR,FRASERLH,STEERD.Theinteractingeffectsoftemperatureandplantcommunitytypeonnutrientremovalinwetlandmicrocosms[J].BioresourceTechnology,2005,96(9):1039-1047.[21]KADLECRH,REDDYKR.Temperatureeffectsintreatmentwetlands[J].WaterEnvironmentResearch,2001,73(5):543-547.[22]PLAMONDONCO,CHAZARENCF,COMEAUY,etal.Artificialaerationtoincreasepollutantremovalefficiencyofconstructedwetlandsincoldclimate[J].EcologicalEngineering,2006,27(3):258-264.[23]李亚峰,刘佳,王晓东,等.垂直流人工湿地在寒冷地区的应用[J].沈阳建筑大学学报:自然科学版,2006,22(2):281-284.[24]刘学燕,代明利,刘培斌.人工湿地在我国北方地区冬季应用的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(6):1077-1081.[25]申欢,胡洪营,潘永宝.潜流式人工湿地冬季运行的强化措施研究[J].中国给水排水,2007,23(5):44-46.[26]陈晓东,常文越,王磊,等.北方人工湿地污水处理技术应用研究与示范工程[J].环境保护科学,2007,33(2):25-28.[27]雒维国,王世和,黄娟,等.潜流型人工湿地低温域脱氮效果研究[