北京污水厂进出水中内分泌干扰物的分布周海东

、周海东1,　王晓琳2,　高密军2,　黄　霞1(1.清华大学环境科学与工程系环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100084;2.北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院,北京100083)　　　:　以三种酚类化合物(4-OP、4-n-NP、BPA)、五种雌激素(E1、E2、E3、17α-E2、EE2)为目标物,对其在北京市三个污水处理厂进、出水中的浓度及工艺流程中的分布、迁移进行了研究。结果表明,污水处理厂出水中浓度最高的物质是BPA、EE2,分别为(56～140)、(78～115)ng/L。BPA和天然雌激素(17α-E2除外)主要被生物降解去除,而对EE2的去除主要发生在初级处理过程,去除率约为63%。两种烷基酚在污水处理厂并不能被有效去除。与欧美国家、日本等相比,北京市污水处理厂进、出水中的内分泌干扰物浓度偏高,尤其是出水中的雌激素浓度较高,具有一定的环境风险。　　:　城市污水;　内分泌干扰物;　分布;　雌激素:X703　　:C　　:1000-4602(2009)23-0075-04　　:(20721140019)DistributionofEndocrineDisruptingCompoundsinWastewaterTreatmentPlantsofBeijingZHOUHai-dong1,　WANGXiao-lin2,　GAOMi-jun2,　HUANGXia1(1.StateKeyLaboratoryofEnvironmentalSimulationandPollutionControl,DepartmentofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,China;2.SchoolofCivilandEnvironmentalEngineering,UniversityofScienceandTechnologyBeijing,Beijing100083,China)　　Abstract:　Theeightkindsofselectedendocrinedisruptingcompounds(EDCs)composedofthreephenoliccompoundsandfiveestrogenswereinvestigatedinthreewastewatertreatmentplants(WWTPs)ofBeijing.TheseEDCsinclude4-octylphenol(4-OP),4-n-nonylphenol(4-n-NP),bisphenolA(BPA),estrone(E1),estradiol(E2),estriol(E3),17α-estradiol(17α-E2)and17α-ethinylestradi-ol(EE2).BPAandEE2areonthetoplistofselectedEDCsintheeffluentwithconcentrationsof56to140ng/Land78to115ng/L,respectively.BPAandnaturalestrogens(except17α-E2)areremovedmainlybybiologicaltreatmentwhiletheremovalofEE2takesplacemainlyinprimarytreatmentwiththeremovalrateofabout63%.Besides,theprocessesofWWTPsstudiedcannotremovethetwoalkylphe-nols(4-OPand4-n-NP)efficiently.ComparedwiththoseofWWTPsinUSA,EuropeandJapan,EDCsconcentrationsintheinfluentandeffluentofWWTPsstudied,especiallyeffluentestrogens,arehigher,whichshowsanenvironmentalrisk.　　Keywords:　municipalsewage;　endocrinedisruptingcompounds(EDCs);　distribution;　es-trogen·75·第25卷　第23期2009年12月　　　　　　　　　　　　中国给水排水CHINAWATERWASTEWATER　　　　　　　　　　　　　Vol.25No.23Dec.2009　　(EDCs),,、、、、[1]。EDCs,(APnEO)、[(OP),(NP)]、A(BPA)[(E1)、(E2)、(E3)(EE2)]。EDCs。[2、3],EDCs,ng/L～μg/L。EDCs,EDCs、。,,(4-OP、4-n-NP、BPA)(E1、E2、E3、17α-E2、EE2),、,。1　试验部分1.1　A40×104m3/d,,A2/O,A2/O,,107km2,、、。B100×104m3/d,、、,A/O。C20×104m3/d,,62%,38%,。1.2　,,。A:(QH1)、(QH2)、(QH3)、(QH4)、(QH5)、(QH6)。B:(GB1)、(GB2)、(GB3)、(GB4)、(GB5)、(GB6)。C:(JX1)、(JX2)、(JX3)、(JX4)、(JX5)、(JX6)、(JX7)。,2.5～4.0L,,H2SO4pH3.0,4℃。48h。1.3　EDCs1.3.1　98%,,-18℃。、、(MTBE)HPLC,,。1.3.2　1L,。10mL/(7∶3),。50μL100μLBSTFA,70℃60min,、100μL,GC/MS。VF-5(30m×0.25mmI.D.×0.25μm)。GC:1μL,250℃;:100℃1min,10℃/min200℃,15℃/min260℃,3℃/min300℃2min。MS:280℃,250℃,EI,TICSIM。0.3～13.8ng/L,0.9～46.1ng/L,65.9%～105.2%。2　结果与讨论2.1　、EDCsEDCs,AEDCs2843.0ng/L,573.7ng/L,79.8%;BEDCs3222.3ng/L,936.9ng/L,70.9%;CEDCs2083.4ng/L,83.2ng/L,96.0%。·76·第25卷　第23期　　　　　　　　　　　　　　中国给水排水　　　　　　　　　　　　。C,,;B,,17α-E2,。,E1E3,[4]。E1A,B,C,B253.8ng/L,67.3%;A181.2ng/L,80.1%;A、BEDCs,E1,EDCs30%。BPAB,1416.7ng/L,600ng/L,,90%。,,B,4-n-NP14.6%,4-OP10%;,40%。[5～7],、EDCs,,。2.2　EDCsEDCs1。1　EDCsTab.1　DistributionofEDCsalongthreeBeijingWWTPsng·L-14-OP4-n-NPBPAE117α-E2E2E3EE2AQH1159.9101.3699.9911.590.9131.0505.5243.1QH2165.486.2800.4747.285.7104.6448.282.6QH3132.471.9120.7403.977.9145.9173.871.3QH4102.359.4129.1223.560.9172.287.379.9QH5108.572.1107.2138.8098.118.264.9QH695.751.760.6181.249.447.7087.4BGB1114.468.71416.7775.4119.687.5464.4175.6GB2135.662.51965.6753.079.478.9441.7122.3GB3101.464.91588.7749.769.569.1250.981.7GB4118.959.8679.8209.9300.988.9194.1119.0GB591.658.6234.1171.5173.854.971.270.1GB6103.758.7138.4253.8144.264.361.3112.4CJX138.543.9806.3132.022.431.7134.9873.8JX250.656.7917.6114.112.621.9119.2127.5JX336.744.4787.1114.015.830.0133.5163.1JX421.735.8383.726.19.715.449.526.1JX512.220.8203.410.23.86.327.344.4JX614.315.5127.110.91.32.59.263.0JX710.815.556.91.200077.9　　,10%,35%,,,。,,4-OP,3%～35%,APnEO。B,4-n-NP、4-OP,。B,AC,AP[8]。1,,4-OP、4-n-NP20%,A、CEDCs。C4-n-NP、4-OP,。BPA,,A、B。,BPA90%,,BPA·77·周海东,等:北京污水厂进、出水中内分泌干扰物的分布第25卷　第23期,。,E183.2%,11.6%,71.6%,。E395.3%,19.5%,75.8%;E262.3%,15.5%,46.8%。A、CE388%,E270%,E2E3。B,E2E3,,。1,E2,E2、,E2E2,E2,,E2,E2,,E2。17α-E2C,A,B,,,,。EE2,63%,,67%,,,,EE2。3　结论,(4-OP、4-n-NP、BPA)(E1、E2、E3、17α-E2、EE2),2083～3300ng/L,83～950ng/L,70%。BPA、E1、E3、EE2,BPA、EE2。BPA(17α-E2),BPA、E1E390%、83%95%,E262%。EE2,63%。。、,、EDCs,,。致谢:日本京都大学工学研究科的津野洋教授和坂本昌则先生为本研究的EDCs分析提供了一定的技术帮助。:[1]　KavlockRJ.OverviewofendocrinedisruptorresearchactivityintheUnitedStates[J].Chemosphere,1999,39(8):1227-1236.[2]　SarmahAK,NorthcottGL,LeuschFDL,etal.Asur-veyofendocrinedisruptingchemicals(EDCs)inmunici-palsewageandanimalwasteeffluentsintheWaikatore-gionofNewZealand[J].SciTotalEnviron,2006,355(1-3):135-144.[3]　AndersenH,SiegristH,Halling-SorensenB,etal.Fateofestrogensinamunicipalsewagetreatmentplant[J].En-vironSciTechnol,2003,37(18):4021-4026.[4]　YingGG,KookanaRS,RuYJ.Occurrenceandfateofhormonesteroidsintheenvironment[J].EnvironInt,2002,28(6):545-551.[5]　NakadaN,TanishimaT,ShinoharaH,etal.Pharmaceuti-calchemicalsandendocrinedisruptersinmunicipalwastewaterinTokyoandtheirremovalduringactivatedsludgetreatment[J].WaterRes,2006,40(17):3297-3303.[6]　La