贝藻处理工厂化养殖废水的研究曲克明

27　420068　　　　　MARINEFISHERIESRESEARCHVol.27,No.4Aug.,2006863(2003AA623040):2005-07-04;:2005-11-21:(1964-),,,。E-mail:[e-mail],Tel:[phone]曲克明　卜雪峰　马绍赛(,266071)　　研究了常见大型藻类对氮、磷营养盐的去除效果和贝类对悬浮颗粒物的去除效果。结果表明,石莼和海带在同样的实验条件下吸附氮、磷营养盐的效果明显高于鼠尾藻和马尾藻,密度2g/L的石莼和7.52g/L的海带是较好的养殖密度。与扇贝和文蛤比较,牡蛎具有较高的去除悬浮颗粒物的效率,可以在24h内除去养殖废水中93%的悬浮颗粒物。在20L养殖废水中投放1000g牡蛎和40g石莼组成的净化养殖废水的生物滤器对营养盐和悬浮颗粒物具有最好的去除效果,其去除效率分别为PO4-P67.8%、NO2-N60.2%、NH4-N55.8%、NO3-N59.0%和SPM82.5%。在20L养殖废水中投放1000g牡蛎和150g海带组成的生物滤器对营养盐和悬浮颗粒物的去除效果较好,其去除效率分别为PO4-P62.6%,NO2-N55.7%,NH4-N46.0%,NO3-N56.6%和SPM84.5%。　　海水养殖　　废水处理　　贝类　　藻类　　营养盐　　悬浮颗粒物　P734.4+4;S931.3　　　A　　　1000-7075(2006)04-0036-08StudiesoneffluentwatertreatmentinindustrialculturewithbivalvesandmacroalgaeQUKe-ming　BUXue-feng　MAShao-sai(KeyLaboratoryforSustainableUtilizationofMarineFisheriesResources,MinistryofAgriculture,YellowSeaFisheriesResearchInstitute,ChineseAcademyofFisherySciences,Qingdao266071)ABSTRACT　　Studieswereconductedontheremovaleffectsofmacroalgaeandbivalvesonnu-trientsandsuspendedparticlematter(SPM)ineffluentwaterofmarineculture.TheresultsshowedthatthenutrientremovalefficiencywithUlvapertusaandkelpweresignificantlybetterthanthosewithSargassumsp.andSargassumthunbergiiatthesameexperimentalconditions.2g/LUlvapertusaand7.5g/Lkelpweremoresuitableculturedensitiesaccordingtotheex-periments.Comparedtoscallopandclam,oysterwasmuchbetterinremovaleffectonsuspen-dedparticlematter,93%ofSPMbeingremovedfromtheeffluentwaterin24h.1000goysterand40gUlvapertusain20Leffluentwatercouldforma“bio-purificationimplement”withbestremovaleffect.ThenutrientsandSPMremovalefficiencywereasfollows:67.8%PO4-P,60.2%NO2-N,55.8%NH4-N,59.0%NO3-Nand82.5%SPM,respectively.Similarly,1000goysterand150gkelpin20Leffluentwatercouldalsoforma“bio-purificationimple-　4:37　　　ment”withbetterremovaleffect.ThenutrientsandSPMremovalefficiencywere62.6%PO4-P,55.7%NO2-N,46.0%NH4-N,56.6%NO3-Nand84.5%SPM,respectively.KEYWORD　　Marineculture　　Effluentwatertreatment　　Bivalves　　MacroalgaeNutrients　　Suspendedparticlematter,,,170m2,2tCOD。,(　2003;　2002)。,、(　　1999;　2001;　1999;Kioussisetal.　2000;Lekangetal.　2001)、(Brownetal.　1999;Fornietal.　2001)、(Reedetal.　1999)、--(Tonesetal.　2001)。,(Crippsetal.　2000)。、、、,,C、N、P,。,,;、,。,、、(　2003;　2003)。。,、、5L/gh。,、、,(　　2003;　　2003)。,,--。,,。,--。1　1.1　1.1.1　实验材料、、,、。()。:21～23℃,pH7.5～7.7,20～23,7.0～7.5mg/L。1.1.2　实验方法50cm×40cm×30cm。20L,5g/L,2000～15000lx,24h,7∶0027∶00。,1h1,7,24h8。NH4-N,NO2-N,NO3-NPO4-P。1.1.3　水质分析方法NO2-N:;NH4-N:;NO3-N:-;PO4-P:;COD:;DO:YS158;pH:pHD-1()。1.2　(SPM)38　　　　　　　　27　1.2.1　实验材料和方法,pH8.0,30,7.0mg/L。、,、10.5、25.783.6g。50cm×40cm×30cm,20L,、,96、40、12,1000g。,1g/L。24h,107∶00207∶00。,。1.2.2　悬浮颗粒物的分析方法。:500ml0.45μm,,,。1.3　、、。。50cm×40cm×30cm,20L,7.5g/L,2g/L,1000g。,2000～15000lx,24h,07∶00207∶00。1h1,7,24h8。NH4-N、NO2-N、NO3-N、PO4-PSPM,1.1.31.2.2。2　2.1　1～4、、。,4、,。,6h、、36.7%、100%、100%44.6%,6h,;6h、、52.2%、50%、94.1%83.2%,8h,。6h、、26.5%、33.3%、20.3%0。6h、、22.6%、14.3%、14.3%3.71%。,,,(DO),pH,(COD),。1　(mg/L)Table1　TheabsorptionofnutrientsbyUlvapertusa(mg/L)(h)TimePO4-PNO2-NNH4-NNO3-NCODDOpH00.0300.0040.0870.4355.517.717.7520.0260.0030.0570.3605.507.717.9640.0250.0030.0420.2905.357.848.1060.0190.0010.0160.2415.307.938.1280.012000.1795.287.978.10100.007000.1495.268.008.03120.007000.1315.237.987.98240.006000.1085.317.947.93　4:39　　　2　(mg/L)Table2　Theabsorptionofnutrientsbykelp(mg/L)(h)TimePO4-PNO2-NNH4-NNO3-NCODDOpH00.0460.0100.0510.5785.887.667.7920.0370.0090.0240.4964.987.747.7040.0300.0090.0090.4104.818.227.6560.0220.0050.0030.3974.737.867.6280.0140.0040.0020.3545.268.007.61100.0070.0000.0000.3395.608.047.60120.0070.0000.0000.2905.698.257.56240.0070.0000.0000.0986.528.007.283　(mg/L)Table3　TheabsorptionofnutrientsbySargassumthunbergii(mg/L)(h)TimePO4-PNO2-NNH4-NNO3-NCODDOpH00.0340.0090.0790.4295.087.667.7620.0280.0090.0760.4444.817.697.6440.0300.0080.0650.4394.847.837.8960.0250.0060.0630.4324.837.927.9580.0260.0060.0590.4294.827.997.96100.0220.0070.0550.4105.048.037.96120.0240.0070.0490.4014.968.157.93240.0190.0060.0450.2855.048.047.984　(mg/L)Table4　TheabsorptionofnutrientsbySargassumnatans(mg/L)(h)TimePO4-PNO2-NNH4-NNO3-NCODDOpH00.0310.0140.0770.4314.627.667.7820.0300.0130.0750.4266.757.67.4640.0280.0120.0710.4216.637.817.3160.0240.0120.0660.4157.257.947.2080.0190.0120.0590.4098.078.027.15100.0180.0110.0580.4018.318.247.11120.0170.0110.0520.3858.698.117.11240.0120.0090.0410.3729.488.057.075、、24h。5,、。,,。5　24h(%)Table5　Theremovalefficiencyofnutrientbydifferentseeweedsat24h(%)SpeciesPO4-PNO2-NNH4-NNO3-NUlvapertusa8010010073.2Laminariajaponica84.410010083Sargassumthunbergii44.133.34333.6Sargassumnatans61.335.746.813.740　　　　　　　　27　2.2　、1。,、,。24h,PO4-P,NO2-N,NH4-NNO3-N,0.5g/L,25.6%、54.6%、63.7%53.2%;1g/L,41.2%、56%、81.6%51.1%;2g/L,73.8%、91.8%、87.2%93.2%;4g/L,90.5%、98.7%、80.6%89%。,0.5～0.8mg/L0.2～03mg/L,2g/L。1　、Fig.1　EffectsofdifferentUlvapertusadensitiesontheremovalofnutrients2.3　、2。,,、,。24h,PO4-P、NO2-N、NH4-NNO3-N:2.5g/L,38.2%、31.5%、54.8%40.9%;5g/L,55.6%、27%、71.1%62%;7.5g/L,70%、57.5%、86.5%63.1%;10g/L,79.5%、73.3%、87.9%77.2%。,7.5g/L。2　、Fig.2　Effectso