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小测（）【unit1】1.meanvt.（meant，meant）①打算：meantodosth②意味着，意思是：meandoing；错过那辆车意味着要在等3个小时.Missingthebusmeanswaitingforthreemorehours/anotherthreehours.2.三种表示发生的词语和他们之间的区别，他们为不及物动词，他们均无被动。①takeplace；vi有计划地发生②happen；vi偶然发生③breakout；vi灾难，战争突然爆发在过去几年里我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepastfewyears.昨天我的朋友在街上发生了车祸。Atrafficaccidenthappenedtomyfriendsonthestreetyesterdays.二战发生在1939年。TheSecondWorldWarbrokeoutin1939.3.starvev挨饿，饿死(意思)n.starvation（名词形式）starvetodeath饿死（短语）在战争期间数千万人饿死了。（数百万人millonsof）Thousandsofpeoplestarvadtodeathduringthewar.4.harmn损害，伤害v损害，伤害harmfuladj有害的harmlessadj无害的doharmto...=beharmfulto..对........有害处的（短语）首先，吸烟有害我们的健康。（两种方法）Firstofall,somkingisharmfultoourhealth.=Tobeginwith,somkingdoesharmtoourheanlth.5.(常用句型转换)Itis+adj+todosth=sth+be+adj+todosth英语很难在短时间之内学好。（两种方法）ItisdifficulttolearnEnglishwellinashorttime.=Englishisdifficulttolearnwellinashorttime.6.inmemoryofsb=inhonourofsb纪念某人（短语）他们写了一篇文章来纪念他的朋友。Theywroteanarticleinmemoryofhisfriends.7.besatisfiedwith...对......感到满意（短语）8.Dressup盛装，打扮，装饰；dresssb给某人穿衣服;bedressedinsth穿着（衣服）;那个女孩今天穿着红色衣服。Thatgirlisdressedinaredtoday.醒来穿衣服!Wakeupanddressyourself.大部分人喜欢为春节盛装打扮。MostpeopleliketodressupforSpiringFestivals.9.playatrick/tricksonsb=makefunofsb搞恶作剧，捉弄某人孩子们喜欢捉弄他们的朋友Chirldrenliketoplayatrickontheirfriends.10.admirevt欣赏，赞赏，钦佩，赞美，夸奖；admiresbforsth因为.....而钦慕/仰慕别人我们都钦佩他所取得的巨大成就。Wealladmiredhimforhisgreatachievement.11.lookforwardto+sth/doingsth/sb盼望；期待我期待很快收到你的来信。Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.12.asif=asthough好像，仿佛①与事实符合，用陈述语序②与事实不符，用虚拟语气与现在事实相反，用did(be用were)与过去事实相反，用haddone与将来事实相反，用woulddo13.turnup出现；露面；开大（音量）；turndown关小…；翻下；拒绝；turnto变成;求助于;turnin上交;就寝;turnon打开;14.keepone’swords=keepone’spromise信守承诺（短语）我们应该一直要信守承诺，要不没人会相信我们。Weshouldalwayskeepourwordornoonewillbelielveus.15.道歉vapologize；napologyapologizetosbfor(doing)sth=makeanapolgytosbfor(doing)sth因...而向某人道歉他为他的姗姗来迟而向老师道歉。（两种用法）Heapologizedtotheteacherforcominglater=Hemadeanapologytotheteacherforcominglater.16.remindsbofsth提醒某人某事，使某人想起某事；提醒某人做某事remindsbtodosth这张旧照让我想起了我的童年。Thisoldphotoremindedmeofmychildren.他提醒我不要忘记我的诺言。Heremindedmenottoforgetmywords.17.很明显（两种表达）Obviously，heislying.Itisobviousthatthatheislying.18.setoff①出发，出发=setout;②引爆，燃烧他们将要出发去澳大利亚TheywillsetoffAustralia.19.成功vsucceed；nsuccess；adjsecessful；健康nhealth；adjhealthful；advhealthy；失败乃是成功之母Failureisthemotherofsuccess.我认为他的书很成功AsfarasIamconcerned,hisbookisasuccess.【unit2】1.goonadiet进行节食（动作）；beonadiet在节食（状态）；为了减肥，那个女孩已经节食一个月了。Inordertoloseweight,thegirlhasbeenonadietforamonth.2.非谓语①doing；正在进行，主动，伴随②todo；目的，将要做③done；被动，已经完成他站在树下，听着那美妙的音乐（doing）Hestandsunderthetree,listeningtothebeautifulmusic.3.frustratingadj令人沮丧的;frustratedsdj感到沮丧的;befrustratedat对...感到沮丧（短语）；他们对这个令人沮丧的新闻感到沮丧。Theyfeltfrustratedatthefrustratingnews.4.oughtto=should应该；oughttohavedone=shouldhavedone本应该做某事却没有做你本应该7点钟之前到课室的。Yououghttohavecomeintoclassroombefore7o’clock.5.seesbdosth看见某在做某事（强调动作的全过程）seesbdoingsth看见某人正在做某事（强调正在进行）【类似的noticewatchfeelhearobserve等感光动词】当时我看见那个小女孩在河边玩耍。Atthesametime,Isawthegirlplayingnear/bytheriver.6.比较级和否定词连用表示最高级eg:Ihaveneverseenabetterfilm我从来没看过如此好看的电影Ican’tagreemore.我万分同意我没有去过比巴黎更美的城市了。Ihaveneverbeentoamorebeautifulcity.7.musthavedone过去一定做了某事（表对过去发生的事情给予肯定的猜测）can’t/could’thavedone（对过去发生的事情否定的猜测）孩子们正在踢足球，他们肯定做完作业了。Theymusthavefinishedtheirhomework,becausetheyareplayingfootballnow.8.gettiredof=betiredof对...厌倦我厌倦了每天处理这些问题。Iamtiredofdealingwiththeseproblemseveryday.9.havesbdoingsth让某人（一直）做某事（表示动作一直进行）havesbdosth使某人做某事（表示动作的完成）havesthdone使某事被做/请某人做某事我昨天剪了头发Ihadmyhaircutyesterday.我不能让你违法法律而不受惩罚。Ican’thaveyougettingawaywithbreakingthelaw.10.getawaywith(做...坏事)被放过/逃脱惩罚考试作弊必予追究。Ifyoucheatintheexam,,youwillnevergetawaywithit.=You'llnevergetawaywithcheatingintheexam.11.earnone’sliving=makeone’sliving谋生他一生靠卖画维持生计。Heearnshislivingbysellingpicturesallhislife.12.beindebt欠债，负债（短语）；beoutofdebt还清债务（短语）自从她丢了玛丽的项链（necklace），她就负债累累了ShehasbeenindebtsinceshelostMary’snecklace.13.glareat怒目而视；stareat盯着….看，凝视；我不知道他为什么怒视着我。Idon’tknowwhyheglaredatme.14.spyon暗中监视；侦查15.电脑对我们的生活有好处（benefit三种用法）①Computersbenefitsourlife.②Computersarebeneficaltoourlife.③Ourlifebenefitsfromcomputers.16.联合vcombine；ncombination；combine...with...把…和…联合/结合起来17.beforelong不久之后（单独作状语）longbefore很久以前（单独作状语或后跟从句）早在我来中国之前，我就学会了汉语。IhadlearntChineselongbeforeIcametoChina.不久之后，他就打电话给我Hecalledmyupbeforelong,18.为了保持健康，你必须减少抽烟（cutdown）Youmustcutdownsmokingsothat/inordertokeephealth.19.Itseemedthat…..=sbseemedtodo似乎姚明似乎听不见（两种表达）ItseemedthatYaoMingdidn’thear.=YaoMingseemednottohear.20.她穿着一件红色的裙子就出门了Dressedinareddress,shelefthome.他正坐在椅子上读书Seatedonthechair,heisreadingabook21.及物动词与不及物动词的区别vi不及物动词；后面不直接跟宾语vt及物动词；后面直接跟宾语22.让havesbdoing一直做电脑，点灯havesthdone被做havesbdo完成doing一直做23.be+sdj=beof+nEg:bebeneficalto=begreatofbenefittobehelpful=beofhelpbeuseful=beofusebeimportant=beofimportance【unit3】1.bringup抚养/养育我是由外祖父母抚养长大的。Iwasbroughtupbymygrandparents.2.alargeamountof“大量；一大堆”，常用于修饰不可数名词。我有一堆工作要做。Ihavealargeamountofworktodo.3.处理What...dowithHow...dealwith我不知道他们如何处理这个问题。（两种用法）Idon’tknowhowtheydealwiththeproblem.=Idon’tkno