不同基质复合垂直流人工湿地对富营养化景观水的净化效果黄德锋

:,,1978,,。＊(No.05dz12006)。不同基质复合垂直流人工湿地对富营养化景观水的净化效果＊黄德锋李田(,200092)　　,,,、。:、COD;,。-。,。、:、;TN、TP16%35%,。　　Effectofthesubstrateonpurificationofeutrophicscenicwaterinintegratedvertical-flowconstructedwetlands　HuangDe-feng,LiTian.(StateKeyLabofPollutionControlandResourceReuse,TongjiUniversity,Shanghai200092)Abstract:　Seasonalperformanceoftwointegratedvertical-flowconstructedwetlands(IVFCWs)filledwithdif-ferentsubstratesintreatingeutrophicscenicwaterwasinvestigatedfocusingontheimpactofwatertemperature.Thewetland'scapacitiesfornitrificationanddenitrification,theeffectsofthesubstratepropertiesontheplantgrowth,andthemechanismsforremovalofNandPspecieswerealsostudied.Theambienttemperaturehadlittleeffectonthere-movalratesforturbidity,CODandphosphorusspeciesinbothIVFCWs.Decliningwatertemperaturecausedareduc-tionintheremovalofnitrogenspeciesbutnonotablechangesinphosphorusremoval.TheCWsfilledwithzeolite-shaleexhibitedgreatercapacitiesfornitrificationanddenitrificationthantheCWsfilledwithgravel.Zeoliteincreasedthenitrogenremovalrateandstimulatedtheplantgrowth.Theprimarymechanismsfornitrogenremovalwerenitrifi-cationanddenitrification;themechanismsforphosphorusremovalwereadsorptionandsedimentation.Asthesecond-aryremovalmechanism,theplantuptakeaccountedforabout16%ofTNand35%ofTPofthefeed.Keywords:　Integratedvertical-flowConstructedwetlandsScenicwaterNitrificationanddenitrification　　,。,、、,、,。　　,。,,、、,。　　,[1,2],,,。,、,。,,,,。1　1.1　试验装置　　(1.0m×0.5m×0.7m),PVC,,0.5m×0.5m。,·616·　　29　8　20078DOI:10.15985/j.cnki.1001-3865.2007.08.0100.6m,0.5m,。-,、。。,。、、,,8～10/m2。1.2　复合垂直流人工湿地运行试验　　,。1。1　(℃)Table1　Averagewatertemperatureindifferenttimeperiods(year-month)-2006-082006-092006-102006-112006-122007-0128.624.821.511.87.44.5　　20064,,。,,0.113m3/(m2·d)。20068,,。8～14,。2。1.3　基质硝化强度与反硝化强度分析　　,。,,,。:,,5～10、40～45cm,2d,3,。1.3.1　　　100g,250mL,100mL(25mg/L)NH+4,,24h(25℃、150～160r/min),,NO-3-N,NO-3-N((1g)(1h)NO-3-N(mg))[3]1095。NH+40.2mol/LKH2PO4、0.2mol/LK2HPO4、0.05mol/L(NH4)2SO43∶7∶30,0.1mol/LNaOHpH7.2。(1)。ω1=(C2-C1)×(V1+V2)/(t×m×k)(1):ω1,mg/(g·h);C1NO-3-N,mg/L;C224hNO-3-N,mg/L;t,h;V1,L,0.100L;V2,L;m,g;k,,%。1.3.2　　　100g,250mL,100mL,,,25℃24h,,NO-3-N。NO-3-N((1g)(1h)NO-3-N(mg))[3]1095。150mg/LNO-3-N450mg/L1∶1。(2)。ω2=(C1-C2)×(V1+V2)/(t×m×k)(2):ω2,mg/(g·h)。1.4　水质分析　　HACH2100N;YSI550A;、COD《》。2　2.1　人工湿地总体净化效果2.1.1　、COD　　1-、COD。1,、COD。5NTU,82%。COD2　Table2　CharacteristicsofthewetlandinfluentpH/NTUCOD/(mg·L-1)TN/(mg·L-1)NH+4-N/(mg·L-1)NO-3-N/(mg·L-1)NO-2-N/(mg·L-1)TP/(mg·L-1)PO3+4-P/(mg·L-1)8.129.436.655.131.741.230.800.410.150.456.967.901.360.650.880.740.080.07·617·　63%,COD15mg/L,《》(GB3838—2002)Ⅰ。-,TPPO3+4-P0.10、0.05mg/L,GB3838—2002Ⅱ。　　,、COD。-,,,,。。　　1,3。,,,,。COD,COD,。12,10℃,,,COD。2.1.2　　　2。2,-,TN60%,NH+4-N1mg/L,GB3838-2002Ⅲ。NO-2-N,,NO-2-N0.1mg/L,NO-2-N。　　2,TN、NO-3-N,1210℃,TN、NO-3-N。TNNO-3-N,,,。,10℃,10℃[4],5℃[5]。,-TN0.8mg/L2.0mg/L,NO-3-N0.2mg/L1.2mg/L。　　,200611,-,11,1　、CODFig.1　Concentrationprofilesofturbidity,COD,TPandPO3+4-PfortheinfluentandeffluentsoftwoVFCWsfilledwithdifferentsubstrates·618·　　29　8　200782　Fig.2　ConcentrationprofilesofTN,NH+4-N,NO-2-NandNO-3-NfortheinfluentandeffluentsoftwoVFCWsfilledwithdifferentsubstrates-TN、NO-3-N。NH+4-N-,NH+4-N,0.5mg/L,。NH+4-N,,。,,NH+4-N,,NH+4,,-NH+4-N。-,,200612,3。　　3,,-,TN。。:①,-,,;②。:-2.13、0.17mg/L;1.63、0.14mg/L,-。(3　1)Table3　NitrificationanddenitrificationcapacitiesofVFCWsfilledwithdifferentsubstrates/cm/(mg·kg-1·h-1)-/(mg·kg-1·h-1)-5～100.63(0.09)0.79(0.11)3.57(0.14)3.92(0.19)40～450.18(0.04)0.21(0.04)4.84(0.14)5.14(0.12)5～100.16(0.02)0.17(0.04)3.84(0.30)3.63(0.18)40～450.11(0.03)0.13(0.06)4.61(0.25)4.74(0.13)　　:1)。·619·　4),,。NO-3-N,,。2.2　基质的理化作用对植物生长的影响　　,,。,,。-、TNTP、,,。4。　　4,,,TN、TP。,NH+4-N,[6,7],NH+4-NNO-3-N,。,,-。,,、。,,,TN。,。2.3　氮、磷的去除途径　　,,、,。、,、。　　、、。:pH,pH≥9.3,,pH=7.5～8.0,;NH+4-N、、[8]。pH8.1,NH+4-N、,NH+4-N。;,NH+4-N9.22mg/g,-,NH+4-N。　　,,,[9]。　　,20072,TNTP、,(),3。　　3,,TN80%,、TN16%,(、),TN。-,NH+4-NTN,。3　TN、TPFig.3　ComponentsofTNandTPremovedintheconstructedwetlandsofthetwosubstrates4　TN、TPTable4　Summaryofplantgrowth,biomass,TNandTPuptakeinthetwowetlandsystems()()-()()/cm137109148103/g499.08286.45564.57207.12TN/g5.0742.1825.4591.894TP/g0.9950.4591.1290.457·620·　　29　8　20078　　3,,TP60%,TP。、、,、。,,、。TPTP32%、37%,TP。3　　　　(1):、COD;,。-,TN、NO-3-N。、,,、。,-。　　(2)、,,,;TN、TP16%、32%～37%,。[1]　HABERLR,PERFLERR,MAYERH.ConstructedwetlandsinEurope[J].WaterScienceandTechnology,1995,32(3):306-315.[2]　WALLACEC.Advanceddesignsforconstructedwetlands[J].Biocycle,2000,42(6):40-44.[3]　,,,.[J].,2006,26(7).[4]　CRITESRW.Designcriteriaandpracticeforconstructedwet-lands[J].WaterScienceandTechnology,1994,29(4):1-6.[5]　BRODRICKSJ.Denitrificationinanaturalwetlandreceivingsecondarytreatedeffluent[J].WaterResearch,1988,22(4):431-439.[6]　,.[J].,2002,21(5):274-277.[7]　LAHAVO,GREENM.Ammoniaremovalfromprimaryandsecondeffluentsusingbioregeneratedion-exchangeprocess[J].WaterScienceandTechnology,2000,42(1/2):179-185.[8]　VYMAZALJ,BRIXH,COOPERPF,etal.Removalmecha-nismsandtypesofconstructedwetlandsinEurope[M].Lei-den:BackhuysPublishers,1998:17-66.[9]　,,,.-[J].,2006,25(3):265-269