30 720087武 汉 理 工 大 学 学 报JOURNALOFWUHANUNIVERSITYOFTECHNOLOGYVol.30 No.7 Jul.2008张翔凌1,吴振斌2,武俊梅2,王 蓉2,贺 锋2(1.,430070;2.,430072) : 以沸石、无烟煤、页岩、蛭石、砾石、陶瓷滤料、高炉钢渣、生物陶粒等8种基质为材料,在1000—2500mm/d的高水力负荷条件下,研究了不同基质在垂直流人工湿地模拟柱中运行1年的水力学特性和系统堵塞动态。结果表明:基质系统的水力停留时间和水头损失可间接反映湿地堵塞状况;基质自身结构与其水力学特征密切相关。生物陶粒、高炉钢渣和沸石3种基质分别填充的系统内部水头损失较小、水力停留时间短、堵塞不明显;砾石、蛭石堵塞较为严重。通过对不同基质的含水率和孔隙率的分析发现,基质的高含水率(如蛭石)有利于垂直流人工湿地对污染物的去除,但却不利于湿地的运行管理;基质的高孔隙变化率(如页岩和砾石)是湿地系统发生堵塞的重要驱动因素。因此,如何根据不同结构特性和水力学特征选择基质对垂直流人工湿地的设计和运行管理非常关键。: 垂直流人工湿地; 高负荷; 堵塞; 基质; 水力特性: X703.1: A:1671-4431(2008)07-0079-05RsearchonHydraulicsPerformanceofDifferentFilterMediainVerticalFlowConstructedWetlandsUnderHighHydraulicLoadingZHANGXiang-ling1,WUZhen-bin2,WUJun-mei2,WANGRong2,HEFeng2(1.SchoolofCivilEngineeringandArchitecture,WuhanUniversityofTechnology,Wuhan430070,China;2.StateKeyLabofFreshwaterEcologyandBiotechnology,InstituteofHydrobiology,ChineseAcademyofScience,Wuhan430072,China)Abstract: Severalkindsoffiltermediawereutilizedineightsimulativeverticalflowconstructedwetlandsystemstoresearchonhydraulicscharacteristicathydraulicloadingrateof1000—2500mm/d,includingzeolite,anthracite,shale,vermiculite,gravel,ceramicfiltermedia,blastfurnacesteelslagandbio-ceramsite.Duringoneyear'sentireexperimentalcycle,theresultsshowedthatheadlossandhydraulicretentiontimecouldindirectlyreflecttheextentofthewetlandsclogging.Thestructuralcharacteristicsofeachmediacouldinfluencehydraulicscharacteristic.Littlecloggingwerefoundinbio-ceramsite,zeolitesandblastfurnacesteelslagsystems,andheadlosswereleastinthetheirsystems.Butinthegravelandvermiculitesystemstheproblemswereseriousrelatively.Throughtheexperimentsofporosityandwatercontents,wecouldfoundthatthevermiculitemediahadbetterperformanceforremovalofpollutantsbecauseofitsgoodwater-holdingcapacityandthedegreeofwatercapac-ity,butitwasdisadvantageoustothewetland'smovementandmanagementbecauseofvermiculitemedia'sbiggerwatercon-tentrateofchange.Andtheshaleandgravelmediainfluencedclogginggreatlybecauseofbigchangefortheirporosity.Sothechoiceofmediabaseonspecialstructuralcharacteristicsandhydraulicscharacteristicmightbetreatedastheimportanttargetforthedesignandrunningfortheverticalflowconstructedwetland.Keywords: verticalflowconstructedwetlands; highhydraulicloading; clogging; filtermedia; hydraulicscharacter-istic:2008-04-02.:(39925007),“”(2002AA601021)(471-38650348).:(1976-),,,.E-mail:ZXLCL@126.com ,。2060SeidelKre-field[1]。,、[2-5]。[6]。、[6-9]。,,。,。,。,,,。,[4-9]。,、,,,,,。,、、、、、、、8,1(1000—2500mm/d),,。1 1.1 ,,。,。1.2 1) 825cmPVC,1.1m。1.0m,100mm。15cm,7,7,,。,,,。1。2) 8,、、、、、、、。,,,,,,。,8—12mm。1.3 :4d1,1d1,8h。2,12h2h,。5—7L/h,1000—2500mm/d。2006412007330,1。1.4 1) 。KCl,10,,5min1,[4]。、、,,3,。2) 1,7,80 200871。,,。3) 81、。:,()H,D;,V,a=4V/πD2H[10]。:。m,100—105℃。w=(m/ms-1)×100%,,m,g;ms,g。2 2.1 8KCl,,。110。,,。。1 8/min90140110200200260801003703304004004004503304002.2 ,8,2(2)。,2—6,7,0.5cm;,4,3,(4);0—15cm;,1—6,7,1.5cm;,(0—15cm)(45—60cm);,、、。;(1—3)0—30cm,;。2.3 8,2。,8,35.3%,,53.6%,38.9%—47.8%;1,8,,36.2%—41.8%,。。8130 7 ,: 2 /%42.835.353.647.841.742.840.538.941.832.650.737.640.738.639.636.22.37.65.421.32.49.82.26.92.4 8,3。3 /%5.572.431.634.910.040.080.210.0910.017.5714.9967.048.784.335.0719.62 :“”110cm。3 3.1 ,。,,,、,。8(1),10,:,。,、,;、,。3.2 ,。8,,。28,:,,;,;,,;,,、、,,,;,,;,,,;,8。3.3 2,8。1,、;、、5%—10%;,21.3%。,,;、,;4,,。2:1),[11],,;2),,[11],,。3.4 3,、,82 20087,、;,,;,;8,,、、,2。,8。1,,67.04%,,、、,,,;、、,。,,,、;;,,;,,,,,,,、。4 a.,;、3、、,、,;b.,,();,;c.,;(),,;,;d.,。,。,()、()、()。[1] KadlecRH,KnightRL.TreatmentWetlands[M].NewYork:LewisPublishers,1996.[2] .[J].,1991,4(5):8-12.[3] ,.[J].,2004,25(3):144-149.[4] ,, ,.[J].,2003,19(2):1-4.[5] RistophPlataer,KlausMauch.SoilClogginginVerticalFlowReedBedsMechanisms,Parameters,ConsequencesandSolu-tions[J].WatSciTechnol,1997,35(5):175-181.[6] EllisKV,AydinME.PenetrationofSolidsandBiologicalActivityIntoSlowSandFilters[J].WaterResearch,1995,29(5):1333-1341.[7] DeVriesJ.SoilFiltrationofWasteWaterEffluentandtheMechanismofporeClogging[J].WaterPollutionControlFed,1972,44:565-573.[8] ThomasRE,SchwartaWA,BendixenTW.SoilChemicalChangesandInfiltrationRateReductionUnderSewageSpreading[J].SoilSciSocAmProc,1966,30:641-646.[9] AvnimelechY,NevoZ.BiologicalCloggingofSands[J].SoilScience,1964,98:222-226.[10] .[M].:,2001.[11] , , ,.[J].,2007,26(5):1905-1910.8330 7 ,: