不同运行条件下潜流人工湿地的水力效率分析张涛

:　,,1986,,。#。＊(No.2008ZX07207-006-04);(No.10ZR1400300)。不同运行条件下潜流人工湿地的水力效率分析＊张　涛　宋新山#(,201620)　　　。,。,/,,。,(①)(0.0507m3/h),;(①),。　　　　　　/　Hydraulicefficiencyofsubsurfaceflowconstructedwetlandsunderdifferentoperatingconditions　ZHANGTao,SONGXinshan.(CollegeofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,DonghuaUniversity,Shanghai201620)Abstract:　Thehydraulicretentiontimeisanimportantfactorthataffectingtreatmentperformanceofconstruc-tedwetlands,anditshouldbetakenintoconsiderationinhydraulicoptimizationdesign.Hydraulicefficiencyisacom-monindexforevaluatingthehydraulicpropertyofconstructwetland.Inthispaper,seriesoftracertestswithdifferentinletlocationsandinflowrateswereperformedinalabscalesubsurfaceflowwetlandsystemtodeterminetheeffectofdifferentoperatingconditionsonhydraulicefficiency.Theresultsshowedthatamongalltestruns,theupperinletlo-cationwithlowerinflowrateof0.0507m3/hachievedhighesthydraulicefficiency(λ=0.4082)forthesystemhadrelativelylongresidenttime(Tm=5.3161h)andlittlespreadoftheRTD(σ2θ=0.0912).Thefirstoutletlocationalwayshadhigherhydraulicefficiencyasaresultofthelowerporosityofthefilter.Thepaperhadprovidedreferenceandtechnicalparametersforoptimaldesignandoperationoftheconstructedwetlands.Keywords:　subsurfaceflowconstructedwetlands;tracertest;hydraulicefficiency;inlet/outletlocation;inflowrate　　,、、[1]。,(、、pH、),、、[2-4]。2[5]36,[6],[7]291,,THACK-STON[8]1325;TA[9]221;PERSSON[7]295。　　,,/、、,、。,、/[10-12],,,THACKSTON[8]1325()。　　/,,,。1　1.1　实验装置(1)2.0m×0.5·37·　　DOI:10.15985/j.cnki.1001-3865.2010.10.006m×0.7m。,,。2～5cm,20cm。4,、、、,。1　Fig.1　SchematicdiagramoftheexperimentalSSFCWssystem1.2　脉冲示踪实验1.2.1　,,100g/LNaCl,,。/,34。1,4。1　Table1　Thetracertestdesign/(m3·h-1)0.0507①0.06050.07350.09730.0621②0.06660.0749③0.05040.06021.2.2　,。(1)[13]。N(t)=(E(t)-Ew)MNaClQ(λNa+λCl)M(1):t,h;N(t),h-1;E(t),S/m;Ew,S/m;MNaClNaCl,g/mol,MNaCl=58.44g/mol;Q,m3/h;λNa、λClNa+、Cl-,S·m2/mol,λNa=5.01×10-3S·m2/mol,λCl=7.63×10-3S·m2/mol;M,g。1.3　水力效率评价方法1.3.1　THACKSTON[8]1325,,(e),:e=Veff/Vtotal=TmQ/(TnQ)=Tm/Tn(2)Tm=∫∞0tN(t)dt/∫∞0N(t)dt(3):Veff,,m3;Vtotal,,m3;Tm[5]35,h;Tn[5]35,,h。1.3.2　(λ)[7]295()((σ2θ)[5]35)。(Tp,h),:λ=Tp/Tn=e(1-1/N)=e(1-σ2θ)(4)N=1/σ2θ(5)σ2θ=σ2/T2n(6)σ2=∫∞0(t-Tm)2N(t)dt/∫∞0N(t)dt(7):N[14];σ2[5]35,,,h2。1.3.3　TA[9]221(s),,,,:s=T16/T50(8):T16T5016%50%,h。2　2.1　进/出水口位置对潜流人工湿地水力效率的影响/,。(1)(8),2,0.0602～0.0621m3/h。·38·　　32　10　2010102　/Table2　Effectofinlet/outletlocationonthehydraulicperformanceofHSSFCWTm/hTn/hσ2/h2σ2θNT16/hT50/hesλ①5.81029.917417.68910.17995.56022.75007.75000.58590.35480.4805①②5.80679.917422.51550.22894.36832.83339.50000.58550.29820.4515③4.59419.917417.91920.18225.48881.58337.75000.46320.20430.3788④4.23819.917412.90310.13127.62261.16674.50000.42730.25930.3713①5.06399.661820.43590.21894.56802.62509.25000.52410.28380.4094②②4.43479.661822.52370.24134.14452.08330.45900.3482③3.65779.661817.80180.19075.24391.12507.50000.37860.15000.3064④3.47429.661812.38760.13277.53580.83333.25000.35960.25640.3119①4.29979.96689.81680.098810.11911.83335.25000.43140.34920.3888③②4.41229.966813.13710.13227.56162.33338.00000.44270.29170.3841③4.33249.966816.53270.16646.00851.75008.50000.43470.20590.3623④4.02069.966813.40660.13507.40961.50006.75000.40340.22220.3490　　2,①,,①。②、③,,。③(①)②,,,,③③、④,,③②②②,;(2),③,。　　①,。①,。,,。,、,、“”,2,。,,1,,,,。2.2　进水流量对潜流湿地水力效率的影响,。3。3　Table3　EffectofinflowrateonthehydraulicperformanceofHSSFCWQ/(m3·h-1)Tm/hTn/hσ2/h2σ2θNT16/hT50/hesλ0.05075.316111.834312.77250.091210.96502.00006.75000.44920.29630.4082①0.06054.23819.917412.90310.13127.62261.16674.50000.42730.25930.37130.07353.35508.163312.70020.19065.24710.83333.50000.41100.23810.33270.09733.25506.166512.43040.32693.05910.54172.00000.52790.27080.35530.06213.47429.661812.38760.13277.53580.83333.25000.35960.25640.3119②0.06662.86469.00909.38710.11578.64610.75002.91670.31800.25710.28120.07492.51658.010710.64710.16596.02710.58332.16670.31410.26920.2620③0.05045.443211.904817.57750.12408.06282.33338.50000.45720.27450.40050.06024.02069.966813.40660.13507.40961.50006.75000.40340.22220.3490·39·　　　　3:(1)①0.0507m3/h(Tm=5.3161h)(σ2θ=0.0912),(λ=0.4082)。(2),、、、,。(3)①0.0973m3/h,(3.0591);①0.0507m3/h,(10.9650)。　　[15],2。,,。σ2θ=1(N=1),σ2θ=0(N※∞)[5]36。,。0.0973m3/h,;0.0507m3/h,,,。,,,,[16,17]。,,,;,。2.3　讨　论,,,,[5]37,,。,。,,,,,。3　　(1)(①),(②)(③),。(①),。(2)(0.0507m3/h),。,,。(3)2,,,。:[1]　.[J].,2009,35(7):1-3.[2]　.[D].:,2005.[3]　MAYOAW,MUTAMBAJ.EffectofHRTonnitrogenre-movalinacoupledHRPandunplantedsubsurfaceflowgravelbedconstructedwetlands[J].PhysicsandChemistryoftheEarth,2004,29(15/16/17/18):1253-1257.[4]　.[J].,1991,4(5):8-12.[5]　.[D].:,2008.[6]　SULIMANF,FUTSAETHERC,OXAALU.Hydraulicper-formanceofhorizontalsubsurfaceflowconstructedwetlandsfordifferentstrategiesoffillingthefiltermediumintothefilterbasin[J].EcologicalEngineering,2007,29(1):45-55.[7]　PERSSONJ,SOMESNLG,WONGTHF.Hydraulicseffi-ciencyofconstructedwetlandandponds[J].WaterScienceandTechnology,1999,40(3).[8]　THACKSTONEL,SHIELDSJRFD,SCHROEDERPR.Residencetimedistributionofshallowbasin[J].JournalofEn-vironmentEngineering,1987,113(6).[9]　TACT,BRIGNALWJ.Applicationofcomputationa