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,,,(,430074)[];,;O[];;;[]X703.1[]A[]1006-1878(2001)02-0079-05(SCW0),~~,O',SCW0O1995SCW0,SCW0(governmentWastes)[1]OPaulW.~art,SCW0,'[2]OSCW0O1,,,,,,,OOO374C,22.1MPaO,O1O[]2000-01-27;[]2000-04-07[](1975-),,,,O,1999,7(2),103~108.[15],.[J].,2000,32(2),78~80.TechnoIogyforTreatmentofwastewaterfromCitricAcidproductionXUYz-shan(EnoironmentalprotectionResearchInstitute,BRICI,SIN0PEC,Beijing100013,China)Abstract,ThesourcesandcharacteristicsoftheWasteWaterfromcitricacidproductionaredescribed.Theapplicationofthetreatmentprocesses,suchasanaerobicbiologicalprocess,anaerobic-aerobicbiologicalcombinedprocess,emulsionliguidmembraneprocessinthetreatmentoftheWasteWaterarerevieWed.ThetechnologiesforrecyclingtheneutralizedWasteWaterandpreparationofsaccharifyingenzymefromthespentfermentationliguorarepresented.KeyWords,citricacid;WasteWater;WasteWatertreatment972001212,,1/C2545O45O/MPa12713.678.51.81.O/(mg-L-1D8OO/(g-cm-3DO.998O.128O.OO419/cpO.89OO.O2982.651O-5/(cm2-S-1D7.741O-67.671O-41.791O-3G78.55OOC2G~4OO~5OOCNaCl1O-4g/L[3]G1O-145OOC25MPaO.1g/cm31O-21GG~~G2SCWOGSCWO~;(1DSCWOG99%[4](2DCO2H2O[5]G(3D1%~2%GSCWO(WAOD2G2SCWOWAO[2]SCWOWAO/C4OO~5OO15O~35O2OOO~3OOO/(1O5PaD3OO~4OO2O~2OO/mmn115~2O1O/%99.9975~9O99.99~~NOXSCWOG~~~~~~~~~~~BZ~CO2~H2O~G~SCWO~~G3SCWOModellSCWO1G(D~SCWO~~GThornton[6]G1SCWO4SCWO-O8-HUAGONGHUANBAO2OO12124.1..SWO...3[7]SWOWAO.Ding[8].SWO.V2O5/Al2O3r2O3/Al2O3Frish[9].Pt/Al2O3.PtBakerElliott[10.11]..Ni/Al2O33/C/MPa/(mgkg-1s-1DAl2O341827.67.3116.741827.61.94.32.441827.63.0449.7Pt/Al2O341827.67.3326.741827.61.9499.0r2O339024.1148.076.739024.194.847.31.339024.1233.5503.5MnO2/eO241827.67.323.245027.6060039024.1148.0462.4TiO241827.67.3223.341827.61.998.3Pt/TiO241827.67.3326.641827.61.9499.0ZrO241827.67.325341827.61.926.3V2O539024.1148.0263.639024.194.8465.31.339024.1233.5Ding[7]SWO~Matjaz[12]SWO.SWO...4.2.Na+~~+~l-~F-~N~4+.Gloyna[13].300C.;400C.Fill[14].X2rNiMo1810~X5rMo17122X5rNi181034;0.3%6%(600C.25MPaD.31651.5182001212.:mm/aOBoukis[15~17]500C37MPaInconel-625150h,,,,OZilberstein[18],(625,715,C-276,750D~,9,O,600C~25MPa,ZrOAl2O3OBoukis[16],465C~25MPa0.44mol/kg0.005mol/kg,BN~B4C~TiB2~Y2O39SiCSi3N490%9Al2O3ZrOOMana-han[19],OH-SCWOOSCWO,,~O5SCWOSCWO,OSudhir[20]SCWO,,,,SCWOO4,SCWOWAOO4//(D1.650.09~0.4SCWO(D2.010.18~0.461.920.065~0.26(D0.26~1.17(D1.94~3.89(DWAO(D2.35SCWO,,,99.99%9,99,(2%D,9,CO2H2O9O1985,Modar950L10%SCWOO,O1995,EWT(EcoWasteTechnologiesDAustinSCWO,9Austin5tSCWOO1997,33kLO1999,Chematur4L/min,EWT,SCWOOSCWO,,O[][1]CaruanaC.M.PhotocatalystsAimtoMakeLightWorkofPollutionCleanup[J].ChemicalEngineeringProgress,1995(2D,11~20.[2],,,.[J].,1997,(3D,39~44.[3]MarshallW.L.,FrantZJD.HydrothermalExperimen-talCondition[M].UlmerGC,BarnesH.L.NeWYork,JohnWileygSons,1987,139.[4]Modell.M.ProcessingMethodsfortheOxidationofOrganicsinSupercriticalWater[P].UnitedStatesPatents,4543190,1985.[5]Price.C.M.WetOxidationofHumanWaste[D].De-partmentofChemicalEngineering,MIT,Cambridge,MA,1982.[6]ThorntonT.D.,LaDueD.E.,SavageP.E..PhenolOxidationinSupercriticalWater,FormationofDiben-Zofuran,DibenZo-p-dioxinandRealatedCompounds[J].EnvironmentalScienceTechnology,1991,(25D,1507~1510.[7]Ding,Z.Y.,Frisch,M.A.etal..CatalyticOxidationinSupercriticalWater[J].IndustrialEngineeringChem-28HUAGONGHUANBAO2001212istryResearch1996(35):3257~3279.[8]DingZ.Y.AkiS.N.V.K.AbrahamM.A..CatalyticSupercriticalWaterOxidation:PhenolCon-versionandProductSelectivity[J].EnvironmentalScienceTechnology1995(29):2748.[9]FrischM.A.LiL.GloynaE.F..CatalystsEvalua-tionofAceticAcid:SupercriticalWaterOxidationProcess[C].InProceedingsof49thAnnunalPurdueU-niversityIndustrialWastewaterConference.PurdueIN1994.[10]BakerE.G.SeaklockL.J.ButnerR.S.etal..CatalyticDestructionofHazardousOrganicsinAgueousWastes:ContinuousReactorSystemEx-periments[J].Hazard.WasteHazard.Mater.1989(6):87.[11]Elliott.D.C.SeaklockL.J.BakerE.G..ChemicalProcessinginHigh-PressureAgueousEnvironments.2.DevelopmentofCatalystsforGasification[J].In-dustrialEngineeringChemistryResearch1993(32):1542.[12]MatjazK.JanezL..TheRoleofCatalystinSuper-criticalWaterOxidationofAceticAcid[J].AppliedCatalysisB:Environ.1997(13):93~103.[13]GloynaE.F.LiL.Mc.BrayerR.N..EngineeringAspectsofSupercriticalWaterOxidation[J].WatercienceTechnology199430(9):1~10.[14]FillC.TilrscherH..MaterialsandCorrosion199748(3):146.[15]BoukisN.Corrosion'97:PaperNo.10[C].March10-141997NewOrleansLAUSA.[16]BoukisN.etal..Eurocorro'97:Vol.l[C].Trond-heimNorwaySept.22~25.1997.[17]BoukisN.etal..CorrosionScreeningTestingofHigh-PerformanceCeramicsinSupercriticalWaterCandHydrochloricAcid[J].J.EuropeanCeramicSociety199717(1):71~77.[18]ZilbersteinV.A..Corrosion'95:PaperNo.558[C]March26-311995OrlandoFLUSA.[19]ManahanM.P.Sr.MacdonaldD.D..Determina-tionoftheFateoftheCurrentintheStressCorro-sionCrackingofSensitizedType304ssinHighTemperatureAgueousSystemCorrosionScience.199537(1):189~208.[20]AkiSNVKAbrahamM.A..AnEconomicEvalua-tionofCatalyticSupercriticalWaterOxidation:Com-parisonwithAlternativeWasteTreatmentTech-nologies[J].EnvironmentalProgress199817(4):246~255.Progressinsup