:1007-8924(2007)01-0073-06超滤用于海水淡化预处理的研究进展徐 佳,苏保卫,高忠文,王玉红,王 铎,高从*(,266003) :良好的预处理是保证反渗透(RO)装置长期稳定运行的关键要素之一.与传统预处理技术相比,UF预处理能够有效降低海水的SDI、浊度和TOC等,为RO装置提供优良、稳定的进水,增强RO膜的可靠性.详细评述了近年来国内外采用UF技术作为RO淡化预处理过程的研究和应用进展.此外,对UF膜的污染和控制对策研究进展也作了评述.UF作为膜法海水预处理技术已成为该领域的发展趋势.:海水淡化;反渗透;超滤;预处理;膜污染:P747;TQ028.8 :A ,.,2002,3.24×107t/d,10%~30%[1].,.、、,,,、、,..,(SWRO),、,..1 超滤海水预处理的技术优势(Ultrafiltration,UF).2~100nm[4],2000~500000.UF,:1),,(SDI),RO,UF,;2).,,50%[2],,;3).(、、、),,,[3];UF,,.2 超滤膜应用于海水预处理的发展历程2090,(Inte-gratedMembraneSystem,IMS)[6-8],、.IMS、、,,.:2005-05-08;:2005-10-17:(20506025): (1980-),,,,.*〈gaocjie@ouc.edu.cn〉27 1 Vol.27 No.120072MEMBRANESCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYFeb.2007DOI:10.16159/j.cnki.issn1007-8924.2007.01.016 ,UF、、、、.UF10,UF“”、“”,,UF.3 超滤膜应用于海水预处理的研究进展3.1 ,UFSWRO,,TampaBay(HydranauticsUF-RO)、(,MEDRC,Hydranau-ticsUF-RO),SWRO1[9].1,UFRO,RO,,,.表1 SWRO及预处理系统在墨西哥湾、红海和地中海的应用Table1 ApplicationofSWROandpretreatmentsystematGulfofMexico,RedSea,andMediterranean TDS/(mg·L-1)15000~2800015000~280004200045000/NTU1~10(3~4av)1~10(3~4av)0.2~1.11~10HydranauticsUFDMF()HydranauticsUFHydranauticsUFRO/(L·m-2·h-1)20.413.61915~19RO/%6535~505550RO/%1015108RO/3166 GraemePearce[9]Hydranautics40″HYDRAcapUF,UF95~98L/h,(TMP)0.015~0.02MPa.,UF94%,UF、,.2090,UF().X-flowUF———AquaFlwcxTMXIGATM,UF(),.AquaFlwcxTM1000mg/L,XIGATM50mg/L.Rosberg[10]X-flowLHSXIGATMUFSWRO,0.1kWh/m3,1/20~1/10.VanHoof[11]NORITX-flowUF,RO.UFS-225PES/PVP(,),(50~150)kDa,0.8mm,35m2..15min,6h(CEB)();FeCl3.2500h,98.4%SDI3,SDI1.4,99%,UF.TMPSDI,FeCl3SDI,1.3mg/L.Redondo[12]UF.UF、、,.UF,(150~200)kDa,RO,65%,10%.0.15~0.3kWh/m3,10%[13,14].BrehantBonnelye[15]AquasourceUF(100kDa)UF.UF-ROpH8,200μmUF,,5mg/LCl2RO;.,UF(SDI0.8)(SDI2.7~ ·74 · 27 3.4).,(60~150L/m2·h)FeCl3UF.,60L/(m2·h),80L/(m2·h),TMP;80L/(m2·h),UF,TMP.VanHoof[16]XIGATMUFAddur,CEB(EDTA)75L/(m2·h),89%.BrehantFeCl3TMP,,FeCl3,NaClO(4h)HNO3(8h).Teuler[17]Canaries,:20℃,100L/(m2·h)CanariesTMP,UF.Halpern[18]SWRO(190000t/d)2002UF(0.005~0.01μm).5μmUF.UF,TMP.TMP0.14MPa,CEB(30mg/LNaClO),60min,30s.,CEBTMP,.,RO10%,TDS150~325mg/L,,UFRO.Pervov[33]BW30UFUF.CaUF.,,.,0.015~0.02μmUAM-150,UAM-200,UPM-150UPM-200UF(50~100kDa),UF(、),,UF.3.2 ,RO0.3~0.5NTU;(SDI)、、,ROSDI5,SWROSDI3[20].Ahaad[34]UFSDI13~25,UFSDI1;SDI2.5.VanHoop[16]UF,SDI2,0.07,,RO,.Teng[21]MFUF,,,MF,MFSDIUFSDI,UFMF.Chua[22]SWRO4(、-UF、UF、MF),,UF(PES)0.01μm,MF(PVDF)0.1μm.2.,,SDI4.5;,SDI3.TOC、、30%~60%,50%~80%,85%~95%,、.,-UFSDIUF,UF,.VanHoof[16],20mg/L,.[19]/UF.,2.8mg/L,3.3mg/L.、COD99.99%57.0%,SDI53%,.4 超滤膜污染及控制对策的研究进展UFRO,UF,..4.1 UF(CaSO4,CaCO3),()、( 1 :·75 · 表2 不同预处理方法的出水水质[22]Table2 Thequalityofproductwaterusingdifferentpretreatmentsystem ()-UFUFMFSDI6.1~6.52.7~6.42.5~3.00.9~2.52.5~3.0/(mg·L-1)5.3~7.12.01~1.12~3.81.3SiO2/(mg·L-1)0.45~0.46—0.42~0.470.41~0.430.45~0.49SiO2/(mg·L-1)0.51~1.17—0.06~0.150.086~0.140.12/(cfu·10-2mL-1)42112TOC/(mg·L-1)2.15—11.811.43/(mg·L-1)1~3.51.4~2.21.1~2.21.2~2.43.5/(·mL-1)2μm—2~5μm6168953801193—5235~15μm255419346—1015~25μm65200—625~50μm100—050~100μm000—0100μm000—0),[23].,、,,UF[24].Ning[25],、,,.,SDI()MFI()[26],,(SEM)、-(GC-MS).Brehant[15]SEM(FeCl3)UF,、、、、,、、.GC-MS:,48%,,[27].,.[28](UTDR),.,、(CaSO4),.4.2 ,UF,UF.,UF,,、、、.,[29,30](),,,,,.,,,[31].、、;.UFFeCl3.UF[19]:1)UF.,,.2)UF.Car-manKozenyac=180(1-ε)/(ρd2ε3),acdε,, ·76 · 27 ,.[32]UFUF-UF,,;UF,-UF,DOC28%53%,UV25440%78%.UF,,.、(CEB)(AEB).CEBNaClOH2O2.、、、、.,,NaClO,EDTA,HNO3.5 结论与建议.SDI、TOC,,RO,RO,.,:1)、;2),;3)NF,UF-NF、.[1].2002[J].,2004,30(2):45.[2]MerrileeGalloway,JamesMahone.Ultrafiltrationforsea-waterreverseosmosispretreatment[J].MembraneTech-nology,2004,1:5-8.[3].[A].2004[C].:2004.[4] , ,.[M].:,2001:336.[5]VanHoofSCJM,MinneryJG,MackB.Dead-endul-trafiltrationaspretreatmenttoseawaterRO[J].Desalina-tionandWaterreuse,2001,11(3):44-48.[6]MurrerJohn,RosbergRick.DesaltingofseawaterusingUFandRO—resultsofapilotstudy[J].Desalination,1998,118(1-3):1-4.[7]Takeshimatsuura.Progressinmembranescienceandtech-nologyforseawaterdesalination:areview[J].Desalination,2001,134(1-3):47-54.[8]RedondoJA.Brackishseaandwastewaterdesalination[J].Desalination,2001,138(1-3):29-40.[9]GraemePearce,SantiTalo,KamranChida,etal.Pretreat-mentoptionsforlargescaleSWROplants:casestudiesofUFtrialsatKindasa,SaudiArabia,andconventionalpre-treatmentinSpain[J].Desalination,2004,167(1-3):175-189.[10]RosbergR.Ultrafiltration(newtechnology),aviablecost-savingpretreatmentforreverseosmosisandnanofiltra-tion—Anewapproachtoreducecosts[J].Desalination,1997,110(1-2):107-114.[11]VanHoofSCJM,MinneryJG,MackB.Dead-endul-trafiltrationasalternativepre-treatmenttoreverseos-mosisinseawaterdesalination:acasestudy[J].Desalina-tion,2001,139(1-3):161-168.[12]RedondoJA.Brackish,seaandwastewaterdesalination[J].Desalination,2001,138(1-3):29-36.[13]MarkWilf,KennethKlinko.Effectivenewpretreatmentforseawaterreverseosmosissystems[J].Desalination,1998,117(1-3):323-331.[14]RedondoJA,LomaxI.Y2KgenerationFILMTECROmembranescombinedwithnewpretreatmenttechniquestotreatrawwaterwithhighfoulingpotential:summaryofex-perience[J].Desalination,2001,136(1-3):287-306.[15]BrehantA,Bo