巢湖富营养化的历程空间分布与治理策略19842013年张民

J．LakeSci．2015275791-798DOI10．18307/2015．05052015byJournalofLakeSciences、19842013*210008、20122013．30198419941990s30、199520071980s“”“”、2008、．．2012201320132012．、．Theprocessspatialandtemporaldistributionsandmitigationstrategiesoftheeutrophi-cationofLakeChaohu19842013ZHANGMin＆KONGFanxiangStateKeyLaboratoryofLakeScienceandEnvironmentNanjingInstituteofGeographyandLimnologyChineseAcademyofSciencesNanjing210008P．Ｒ．ChinaAbstractInthepresentstudyweanalyzedtheeutrophicationprocessinLakeChaohuanditscorrelationwithsocioeconomicandpopulationdevelopmentinHefeicity．Wealsoinvestigatedthespatialandtemporaldistributioncharacteristicsoftotalnitrogento-talphosphorusammonianitrogenpermanganateindexandcyanobacterialbloomsin2012and2013inLakeChaohu．TheresultsshowedthatthewaterqualityofLakeChaohustartedtodeterioratein1984anddowntotheworstin1994duetotheincreasingpollutionandlackingofcapitalinvestment．Duringtheperiodof19952007thewaterqualitywasgettingbetterbecauseofthelimitationofdirectwastewaterandsewagedrainingintothelake．Afteryear2008thewaterqualitydidnotshowsignificantim-provementandmaintainedahighlevelofeutrophication．IntermsofspatialdistributionseutrophicationinLakeChaohupresentedobviouslydifferentpatternseutrophicationlevelgraduallydegradesfromthewesttotheeastwhichattributestothesourceofpol-lutionfromtheprimarythreeriversNanfeiＲiverShiwuliＲiverandPaiＲiverinthewest．Theresultsfrominvestigationalsoshowedthatthepollutionfromtheseriverswaslessin2013thanthatin2012andthereductioninShiwuliＲiverwasmoreappar-entthanthatinNanfeiＲiver．Howeverthereductionofpollutioninthewholelakewasnotsignificant．Ourfindingssuggestthatinordertofurtherreducepollutionitisnecessarytochangeeconomicdevelopmentpatternandindustrialstructuresandexecutetargetedpollutionsourcecontrol．KeywordsLakeChaohueutrophicationspatialandtemporaldistributionslakemanagement*2012ZX07103002、3120035331470520“”NIGLAS2012135010．2014-09-042015-01-06．1978～[e-mail]．2015275．787．4km29258．0km21．339、、、、、、、、30、2．201280%．2012Ⅳ．ⅣⅤ3．50%4．、、．20122013．11．11984200330TNTP1984519871988619942003720002007820012012920002013、．1．2201241201329MODISNASAAPA10．FAI．1Fig．1DistributionofthesamplingsitesinLakeChaohu1．3201220131171．YSI6600YellowSpringInstrumentsUSA、DO、pH、、．GF/C200ml11NH+4-N．GF/CaChl．aChl．aTris-HCl12．TN、TPCODMn11．1．4MicrosoftExcel2010、Origin8．0forWindowsArcGIS9．3、．、1984201379322．13019842013TNTP1980sTN2mg/LTP0．15mg/L1990s、30TN6mg/LTP0．41mg/L．、2013TN2．5mg/LTP0．15mg/L1980s2．219842013TNTPFig．2Theinter-annualvariationsofmeanTNandTPconcentrationsinLakeChaohuduring1984-2013320002012GDPFig．3Theinter-annualvariationsofGDPandpopulationinHefeicityduring20002012、20002012GDP2000370201241642000438201049520117103．2．22012201320122013TN、TP、NH+4-NCODMnTN、TPNH+4-N、CODMn．2012201320132012201220134．2．3201220132012201352201220132012104．8km268579km2201363．4km2109175km2．794J．LakeSci．2015275420122013TN、TP、NH+4-NCODMnFig．4ThespatialdistributionofTNTPNH+4-NconcentrationsandCODMninLakeChaohuin2012and201320122013Chl．a2012Chl．a201320122013、6．33．1．1962．1970s1980s1990sV．、19842013795520122013Fig．5ThecoverageofcyanobacterialbloomsinLakeChaohuin2012and2013620122013Chl．aFig．6Thespatialdistributionofchlorophyll-aandphycocyaninconcentrationsinLakeChaohuin2012and2013“”．．“”19911995．19941995．“”．“”19962000《“”》．“”“”49．“”13．1．35×104km24、1、、、4、、、、、、、796J．LakeSci．20152755、16、．．10、．20002003GDP10%～13%200415%18%．、20002007、“”“”．2008．．、．、．．1980s1990s1990s20072008．．．3．21415．20122013．20122013．20132012“”、．Chl．a、16．．、、、、．170d．2012201320132012．20132012．2012．20123．6m/s17-18201310%3．6m/s．20132012201220132013．3．3．55%、1984201379720%～30%、20%60%．2012《》80%．．、、．1、．2“、、”．3、．4、．．．．、、．4．．、．、．、12334、、、．4130319841994199520072008．220132012．3、．．51．．1998．2．、．2006．3．20122013．4DengDGXiePZhouQetal．StudiesontemporalandspatialvariationsofphytoplanktoninLakeChaohu．JournalofIntegrativePlantBiology2007494409-418．5．．198812113-26．6．．1990．798J．LakeSci．20152757．．200593271-272．8．．200941633-36．9．20012012．2014332286-291．10ZhangYCMaＲHDuanHTetal．AnovelalgorithmtoestimatealgalbloomcoveragetosubpixelresolutioninLakeTaihu．IEEEJournalofSelectedTopicsinAppliedEarthObservationsandＲemoteSensing2014．DOI10．1109/JSTAＲS．2014．2327076．11．．1990．12．．2004162163-167．DOI10．18307/2004．0210．13．．2003154377-384．DOI10．18307/2003．0413．14．．2011236873-880．DOI10．18307/2011．0608．15ShangGPShangJC．SpatialandtemporalvariationsofeutrophicationinwesternChaohuLakeChina．EnvironmentMoni-torandAssessment200713099-109．16．a、．201128153-56．17．．2005253589-595．18ZhangMKongFXWuXDetal．DifferentphotochemicalresponsesofphytoplanktersfromthelargeshallowTaihuLakeofsubtropicalChinainrelationtolightandmixing．Hydrobiologia2008603267-278．