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沉积物中重金属生物毒性评价的研究进展范文宏1,陈静生1,洪松1,王立新2(1.,100871;2.,100871)::;;:X825:A:10036504(2002)0100360419981999200,,,,1,DiToro[1~4],(acidvolatilesulfide,AVS)(particulateorganiccarbon,POC),1.1酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS),AVS,,FeS,,[3]2090:AVSAVS,AVSFeSMnS1.2颗粒有机碳(POC)POC()AVSAVS,POC[4]:(49971018):(1971-),,,1.3铁和锰的羟氧化物(FeOOHMnOOH),Tisser[4],2,,;,,,,2.1重金属形态对生物毒性的影响,(pH,,,Eh)(),(AVSPOC,POC),,36环境科学与技术25120021,2.2间隙水中配位体与重金属毒性的关系,,,,;,2.3表面沉积物的氧化作用与重金属的毒性的关系,MeSH2S,,,FeS(AVS)POCAVS33.1生物检验方法(毒理试验方法),,:,,,,(),,1970,(biomarker),,/,Benson[5,6](MT),MT(HsP70),Hamoutene,Meinelt(MC),,,,,3.2数值计算方法,,,FITEQL,HYDRAQL,MINEQL+,MINTEQA2WHAMPagenkopf,Chapman,:;25!,();,,,,,,3.3利用基准值的评价方法(),3.3.1,37,,IWTU()IWCTU()[4]:IWTU=∀([Me]i,IW/LC50,i)(1)IWCTU=∀([Me]i,IW/WQCI)(2)[Me]i,IWi,LC50,iiLC50,WQCiiIMTU0.5,IWTULC50,,LC503.3.2,,,,SEM/AVS,POC(1),,(2)SEM/AVS,,,,DiToroSEM/AVS,AVS,AVS/SEM1,,AVS/SEM1,Hasen,SEMAVS79%,,SEMEdward[6]SEM/AVSHansenAmpeliscaaddita,HansenLong(effectranglowvalues,ERL)(effectrangmedianvalues,ERM),(apparenteffectsthresholdsvalues,AET),11SEM/AVS1,,SEM/AVSERMAET,41%,50%,ERMERM,AET82%~100%SEM/AVSSQC,SQCSEM/AVS(3)AVS,POC/NH2OHHCIHCI,POCTessierPOC38,POC,4,,,38环境科学与技术25120021[][1]DiToro.AVSpredictstheacutetoxicityofCdandNiinsediments[J].Environ.Sci.Technol.,1992,26:96~101.[2]AllenHE,GFu,BDeng.AnalysisofAVSandSEMfortheestimationofpotentialtoxicityinaquaticsediment[J].Environ.Toxicol.Chem.,1993,12:1441~1453.[3]ChapmanPM,WangFW.EcotoxicologyofMetalinAquaticSediments:BindingandRelease,Bioavailability,RiskAssessmentandRemediation[J].Can.J.FishAquat.Sci.,1999,55:2221~2243.[4]BensonWH,RTDiGiulio.Biomarkersinhazardassessmentsofcontaminatedsediments.in:G.A.BurtonJr.(ed.),SedimentToxicityAssessment[M].LewisPublishers,ChelseaMichigan.1992,241~266.[5]Decaprio.Biomarker:comingofageforenviron.healthandriskassessment[J].Environ.Sci.Technol.,1997,31:1837~48.[6]Edward,R.PredictingthetoxicityofsedimentassociatedtracemetalswithSEM:AVSanddryweightnormalizedconcentrations:Acriticalcomparison[J].Environ.Toxicol.Chem.,1998,17(5):972~974.(:20011101)(上接第17页),NOAA,,700~1100nm,NOAA()[3],500~600nm,550nm;670nm450nm,500nm#∃(),,-FY1C/CAVHRR(CH7:430~480nmCH8:480~530nmCH9:530~580nm)3.3环境因子对水华的影响,,,,,,,(),,,,,,,;,,,,1012()(),,2~3m/s,12,,,4,NOAA,,(1),,(2)NOAA,,(3)NOAA,,,,,,,FY1C,-,,[][1],.[M].:,1990.[2],.[M].:,1990.[3],.[M].:,1994.(:20011106)39,EnvironmentalScienceandTechnologyVol.25,No.1,Jan.2002Abstract(1.DepartmentofCivilEngineering,WuhanUniversity,Wuhan4300722.DepartmentofHydraulicEngineering,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084)Abstract:Anewkindofgeocompositeshasbeenintroducedfortacklingexistingproblemsoflandfillsinthecountry.Thispaperbrieflypresentsseveralgeocompositeliners(GCL)intermsofstructureandhydrauliccharacteristics.ApplicationofGCLforlandfillsisillustratedanditsadvantagesaredescribedincomparisonwithothermaterialssuchascompactedclayliner(CCL)andgeomembrane(GM).Keywords:municipallandfill;geocompositeliner;geomembrane;compactedclaylinerEstimationofEcologicalWaterRequirementofaRiverBasininAridAreasFENGHuali,WANGChao,LIJianchao(CollegeofHydrology,WaterResourceandEnvironment,HehaiUniversity,Nanjing210098)Abstract:Aformulatocalculateecologicalwaterrequirementofariverbasinhasbeenputforwardbasedontheoriesofrivercorridors.InacasestudyinEjinaoasis,ecologicalwaterrequirementwascalculatedforitsdifferentlandscapes.Theresultsshowedthatecologicalwaterrequirementoftheoasisismainlycomposedoffourparts:1)waterneededbyarbor/shrubwoods,2)shrub/meadowintheriverbank;3)amountofevaporationofriversandlakes;and4)theecologicalwaterneededbytheriveritself,whichaccountsfor73.61%ofthetotalecologicalwaterrequirement.Accordingtothisestimation,theauthorsconcludedthatbasicecologicalfeatureoftheoasiswouldremainintactonconditionthatthewaterrequirementsoftheabovefourpartscouldbemet,butitismoreimportanttomaintaintheriverrunoffthatcansatisfytheecologicalwaterrequirementoftheminimumfunctionarea.Keywords:aridarea;ecologicalwaterrequirement;rivercorridors;landinlandwaterecotoneEvaluationofToxicityonOncomelaniahupensiaofSaponinComponentsinNeriumindicumMill.,PterocaryastenopteraDC.,andRumexjaponicumHoutt.WANGHong1,WANGWanxian2,PANLei1,HUXingyi1,ZUOJincheng2(1.HubeiAcademyofForestry,Wuhan430079;2.CollegeofLifeScience,HubeiUniversity,Wuhan430062)Abstract:InvestigationwasmadetoevaluatetoxicityofnbutanolextractssaponinofNeriumindicumMill.,PterocaryastenopteraDC.andRumexJaponicumHoutt.onOncomelaniahupensis.Toxicityevaluationprocedureincludesstudyofinhibitoryeffectsonclimbingupofsnails,doseeffectandtimeeffectdeterminedbyregressionanalysisandcalculationofdoseandtimeofLD50andLD90respectively.Keywords:NeriumindicumMill.;PterocaryastenopteraDC.;RumexjaponicumHoutt.;Oncomelaniahupensis;saponinRecentDevelopmentinBiotoxicologicalAssessmentofHeavyMetalinAquaticSedimentsFANWenhong1,CHENJingsheng1,HONGsong1,WANGLixin2(1.DepartmentofUrbanandEnvironmentalScience,PekingUniversity,Beijing100871;2.CenterforEnvironmentalScience,PekingUniversity,Beijing100871)Abstract:Studiesrelatingtobiotoxicologicalassessmentweresummarizedbasedonthenewlypu