城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工艺及其研究进展柯水洲 欧阳衡(, 410082) 垃圾渗滤液污染物浓度高,水质水量变化大,是国内外污水处理的难题。综述了垃圾渗滤液的生物、物理化学、土地和循环回灌处理法,分析了各种处理方法的特点,讨论了国内外渗滤液处理研究的进展,列举了我国几大垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工艺。认为生物法与物理化学法结合将是未来渗滤液处理研究的主要方向。经济高效的脱氨氮方法能大大提高后续生物处理效率。 城市垃圾 卫生填埋 渗滤液 处理TechnologyandadvancesinleachatetreatmentofmunicipalrefuselandfillyardKeShui-zhou,OuyangHeng(CollegeofCivilEngineering,HunanUniversity,Changsha410082,China)Abstract:Landfillleachatecontainedhighconcentrationofpollutantsandgreatvariationisoftenobservedineithercompositionorflowrate.Soitisadifficultproblemworldwideinfieldofwastewatertreatment.Treatmentprocessesoflandfillleachate,includingbiologicalmethod,physico-chemicalmethodandlandandrechargedisposalaresummarizedindetail.Characteristicsofthesemethodsareanalyzed,andmanyresearchresultsgotbydomesticandforeignscholarsandspecialistsarediscussed.Finallysometreatmentprocessescommonusedinthiscountryareintroducedandsomeadvicesarerecommendedthatthedirectionwayofleachatetreatmentwillcombinedthebiologicalandphysico-chemicalmethod,andtheremovalofammoniumnitrogencanimprovethebiologicaleffect.Keywords:Municipalrefuse;Sanitarylandfill;Leachate;Treatment0 ,,。。,,,,。,,,。1 1.1 、、,,,,。,,。1.2 、、。1[1]。1:①CODBODmg/L,10~100,。②。[2]GCMSDS93,22EPA。,10,26 Vol.30 No.11 2004DOI:10.13789/j.cnki.wwe1964.2004.11.0111 pH5.8~7.5 /mg/L0.5~5 K/mg/L 20~2050Co/mg/L 0.01~1.15BOD/mg/L2~38000/mg/L0.2~2 Mg/mg/L 10~480Zn/mg/L 0.05~130COD/mg/L100~62400/mg/L0.02~3 Ca/mg/L 1~165Cd/mg/L0.005~0.01TOC/mg/L20~19000/mg/L100~3000Mn/mg/L 0.3~250Pd/mg/L 0.05~0.6/mg/L5~1000 /mg/L80~460 Fe/mg/L 0.1~2050/mg/LND~770 Na/mg/L40~2800Ni/mg/L0.05~1.7。③,C/N,。④[3,4],“”:3~5“”,pH,CODBOD,BOD/COD;5“”,pH,CODBOD,BOD/COD,。,,。2 ,,,,。、、、。2.1 、,,、/。2.1.1 、、、,BOD、COD,、。(1)。,,。FallTownship,COD6000~21000mg/L,BOD3000~13000mg/L,200~2000mg/L,(MLVSS)6000~12000mg/L,3~6。1.87kgBOD/(m3·d),F/M0.15~0.31kgBOD/(kgMLSS·d),BOD97%;0.3kgBOD/(m3·d),F/M0.03~0.05kgBOD/(kgMLSS·d),BOD92%。,,F/M0.03~0.31kgBOD/(kgMLSS·d)(),[5]。,,(SBR、AB)。(2)。,,、,,,,。1982,6000BrynDosteg1000m3[6],2,10d,3km。1983~1986,:pH5.8,COD5518mg/L,BOD3670mg/L,NH3-N130mg/L,“”。:pH8,COD153mg/L,BOD18.4mg/L,NH3-N9.4mg/L,COD、BODNH3-N97.2%,99.5%92.8%;COD24000mg/L,NH3-N600mg/L,。,、、、,,,。(3)。,、,, Vol.30 No.11 200427 ,。BritishColumbiaPeddieCAtwaterJ0.9mCOD1000mg/L,NH3-N50mg/L,BOD25mg/L,NH3-N1mg/L[7]。LoukidouMX[8](),:pH7.5,COD5000mg/L,BOD1000mg/L,NH3-N1800mg/L,BOD/COD0.2。,,65%COD,90%BOD70%,NH3-N90%;,COD、BOD、NH3-N81%、90%、85%80%。2.1.2 、、、,、、。,:、、、。(1)。BoyleHam[9]COD10600mg/L,BOD8400mg/L,0.08~0.15gCOD/(gVSS·d),12.5d,COD600mg/L,BOD95mg/L,94.5%98.8%。(2)。,,。LinCY[10]。COD22750mg/L,8~20d,COD92%~95%;COD39100mg/L,COD,90hCOD3%,VFA6.4%,COD37920mg/L,11.1d,CODBOD90%。(3)。,,,,,。TorontoHenryJG[11]1.58,COD14000mg/L4000mg/L,BOD/COD0.70.5,1.26~1.45kgCOD/(m3·d),24~96h,COD90%。,。,5~20kgCOD/(m3·d),,。(4)(UASB)。,(UASB),,。,UASBCOD10000mg/L,3.6~19.7kgCOD/(m3·d),1~4.3d,30℃,CODBOD82%85%[7]。OzturkI[12]UASB“”,COD10250mg/L,2.84d,3.7kgCOD/(m3·d),COD94%。(5)。UASB(UASBF),,,。KeenanPJ[13]UASBFchicopee,COD800~10000mg/L,BOD300~4650mg/L,10kgCOD/(m3·d),COD85%。2.1.3 —,,,28 Vol.30 No.11 2004,,。(1)SBR。DiamadopoulosE[14]—SBR,COD1090mg/L,BOD430mg/L,TKN133mg/L,NH3-N106mg/L。,BODCOD,BOD95%,99%,50%。(2)AB。[15]A()/B(A/O),COD1693.9mg/L,NH3-N170mg/L,TN190mg/L,,COD、NH3-NTN97.9mg/L、8.3mg/L49.5mg/L,94.2%、95.1%73.9%。(3)—SBR。[16]—SBR200m3/d,COD、BOD20000~25000mg/L、10000~15000mg/L500mg/L,COD、BOD85%~95%、90%~95%65%~80%,,。(4)—。ImJH[17]—“”,COD10360~25600mg/L,NH3-N990~1720mg/L,BOD/COD0.44。,,19kgCOD/(m3·d),COD80%,1.1kgNO-3-N/(m3·d),99%NO-3-N;,NH3-N0.84kgNH3-N/(m3·d),80%NH3-N。(5)/。[18]/。COD、NH3-N5000mg/L、280mg/L,COD、NH3-N《》(GB16889—1997)。(12h)3,4d。2.2 ,,,,,。、、、。2.2.1 、,COD。Al2(SO4)3、FeSO4、FeCl3、。[19~21],[19,22]。,COD30%~60%,[19~25]。[19]PAC、CHY,CHY,pH8.3,CHY640mg/L,G220s-1,GT4400,、、COD71.8%、90.6%、41.2%。2.2.2 、,,。Fenton、、、。(1)Fenton。Fenton(Fe2+H2O2),Fenton(·OH)。[26]FentonUASB,pH6,Fe2+300mg/L,H2O2200mg/L,1500mg/LCOD70%,UASBCOD447mg/L。(2)。(O3/UV)(TiO2/UV)。O3、H2O2、O2, Vol.30 No.11 200429 (·OH);(TiO2CdS),(·OH),(·OH)。KimSM[27]H2O2/Fe2+/UV,pH3,80kW/m3,Fe2+1mmol/L,CODH2O21∶1,COD0.6kg/(m3·h),70%COD。[28]TiO2/UV,253.7nm,TiO2,TiO2、:(COD800~4000mg/L),1.522×103μW/cm2,TiO220g/L;3.044×103μW/cm2,TiO210g/L。,COD50%,80%;450℃TiO2,COD20%。(3)。,。;,Cl-Cl2,ClO-,Cl2/ClO-,。CODNH3-N[26,29~32],。[29],pH4,Cl-5000mg/L,10A/dm2,SPR,4h,CODNH3-N693mg/L263mg/L,CODNH3-N90.6%100%。(4)。,O3(·O-3,·OH)。SteenenM[33]O3,,O31.2~2.2kg,COD1000mg/L300mg/L,COD70%。[34],1kgCOD1~3kgO3,1kgO320~30kW·h,。2.2.3 ,,。,,,。DiamadopoulosE[35](COD502~1141mg/L),pH7,4h,6g/L,COD73%。2.2.4 (),,。、、。0.05~15μm,0.005~10μm,0.3~1.2nm,。(1)。,(1MPa),500。PiatkiewiczW[36]accurelultrapes,:CODSS26%86%,CODSS21%87%,。(2)。,,,2~8MPa。PetersTA[37],Ihlenberg,36m3/h,COD99.2%,98%,99.9%。[38]8,,GB16889—1997(COD80mg/L,NH3-N10mg/L,pH6~9),,COD、NH3-N、30 Vol.30 No.11 200496%、80%~95%、90%~95%100%,,。(3)。PetersTA[37],COD17000mg/L,NH3-N3350mg/L,CODNH3-N95.88%57.61%,SO2-4、Ca2+、Na+Cl-92.48%、93%、54.04%38.95%,。2.2.5 ,。,pH,,。。[39],:pH11,20℃,3000~5000,,NH3-N90.2%。CheungKC[40],:pH11,20℃,5L/min,24h,NH3-N90%。2.3 ,,———,。、;,;,。,,。、、,。BulcT[41]。450m2,0