*徐 成 杨建新 胡 聃(中国科学院生态环境研究中心系统生态室,北京100080)* 79770087 :1998-05-14 (LCA),。、、(、、)。(SETAC)1993ISO14000,(LCA)、。 ,。,、,,。,、,。;、;;,[1]。,。(LCA)[2]。1 (LCA)1.1 (、、、、)、、,、,,、,、、,[3]。,LCA,,,。、。1.21.2.1 LCA、。、、,,,。:,,。1.2.2 LCA(),、、、、、、。1.2.3 LCA,。:5211319989URBANENVIRONMENT&URBANECOLOGYVol.11 No.3Sep. 1998、、、、。CO2、CH4、NOX。1.2.4 LCA。,、、,[4]。2.2.1、[5]。LCA,(、、)。,LCA,。,、、、。,(),1。1 2.2 (LCI)、(、、),、、、。(LCI)[5,6]。1。1 、: 1.———— 2.:——、、———— 1.、、 2.————————————、、、、、NOx、C1-SO2、CO2、NH3CH4CH4、CO2, (LCI),LCA、、、。:*、;*;*、、。,,:LCA,、、;,CO、CO2、SO2、NOx。(5)、()、()。53 、、、、[5]。,,,、、。,,。,,、、。2.3 ,。SETAC。。2.3.1 ,、、、,。,,NOx。[7]:①; ②; ③; ④; ⑤; ⑥。LCA,:①; ②; ③; ④; ⑤; ⑥; ⑦; ⑧;⑨。2.3.2 :。,。,。:CO2、CO、CH4,CO2,CO2(GWP)。SO2,(ODP)CFC-11。2.3.3 :。,,,,。,、。,,()。,,。。:《》(TJ36-79),《》,《》[8]。3 (LCI),。,,、,、,。,。4 ,、,“”。,54 113 1998、;、;,;,。,LCA,LCA————,,、,。,。,、、LCA,,,。LCA,。1 InternationalSourceBookonEnvironmentallySoundTechnologiesforMunicipalSolidWasteManagement,UNEPInternationalEnvironmentalTechnologyCen-ter:TechnicalPublicationSeries(6),19962 ..:.19963 ..,1998;6(2):66~734 SusanThorneloe.LifeCycleManagementofMunicipalSolidWaste.EPAProjectOfficerU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency5 ISO/DIS14040.EnvironmentalManagement—Lifecy-cleassessmentPrinciplesandframework,19976 ,.LCA.,1997;18(5):84~877 ..,1998;11(2):568 ,.LCA.,1997;18(6):76~80: ,27,,,7。TheLifeCycleManagementoftheUrbanSolidWastesXuCheng YangJianxin HuDan(TheDepartmentofSystemEcology,TheResearchCenterforEco-EnvironmentalSciences,CASBeijing100080)Abstract Lifecycleassessment(LCA),asanintegratedmanagementtool,isforaddressingtheenvironmentalimpactsandidentifyingtheimprovingchancewithinthewholeproduct'slifecycle,includingthematerialextraction/production,manufacturing,using,anddisposingphases.BasedonthemethodologyframeworkofLCAfromSETACandISO,themethodolo-gyofmanagingdomesticsolidwasteisdiscussed,whichcoversinventory,impactassessmentandimprovementanalysis.Keywords Urbansolidwaste Life-cycle management··(IAWQ)、(ABES)(SEB)(WetlandSystemsforWaterPollutionControl)1998927102。:、;;;;;;;;。:Dr.LigiaMariaVettoratoTrevisan UniversidadeEstadualPaulista-AREX-ReitoriaSa~oPaulo,SP-Brazil Phone:0055-11-2520233FAX:0055-11-2520201 E-mail:rmoraes@reitoria.unesp.br()55