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71Vol.7,No.120061TechniquesandEquipmentforEnvironmentalPollutionControlJan.20063(,100022)CODNH+42N,,,(),,,X70311A100829241(2006)0120001205HeavymetalionsinthebiologicaltreatmentofmunicipallandfillleachatePengYongzhenZhangShujunZhengShuwenWangShuying(KeyLaboratoryofBeijingforWaterQualityScienceandWaterEnvironmentRecoveryEngineering,CollegeofEnvironmentalandEnergyEngineering,BeijingUniversityofTechnology,Beijing100022)AbstractInChinatreatmenttechnologyoflandfillleachatehasbeenattachedimportancetotheremovalofCODandNH+42N.Nomaterialsmaybegainedaboutspecialresearchofheavymetalionsinlandfillleachate.Thearticlefirstlysummarizesvarieties,concentration,existingstatesofheavymetalsandthemutualrelationwithothercomponent(CODandNH+42N)inthetypicalmunicipallandfillleachateathomeandabroad.Secondly,itanalyzesthebenefitsandtoxicityofheavymetalsinthebiologicaltreatmentoftheleachate,generalizestheirlawsoffluxintheprocessofbiologicaltreatment,finallypresentsseveralkindsofremovaltechnologyoftheheavymetalsintheleachate.Keywordslandfillleachate;heavymetals;activefunction;toxicity:(50521140075):2005-04-26;:2005-10-08:(1949),,,,,E2mail:pyz@bjut.edu.cn3,[13](),NH+42N,,,,,,,,,,11.1HgCdPbCrAs;ZnCuNiCoSn,pH,7(),,,,,[57],11Table1ConcentrationofheavymetalsinlandfillleachateinChina(g/L)As092Fe13303.02105Zn751060Cd1100Ni2601000Pb100200Cr60990Cu1011001.2Dorthe[4]4,:0.23.6gCd/L,2884gNi/L,855310gZn/L,234gCu/L,0188gCr/L,016gPb/L,,Andreot2tola[8]70Urase[9]522Table2Concentrationofheavymetalsinforeignleachate(g/L)(g/L)As51600Co4950Fe4002.2106Ni202050Zn271.7105Pb51020Mn4005.0104Cr131600Cd0.5140Cu21400Hg0.250Joar[10]4,:CdPbHgCr0.06%0.01%0.02%110%,Fe,119%18%CrCdPbHg,[11][1215]:,;;,,2FeMnCoCuNiZnAlV,(ADPATP),,,,[16],CdCrHgPbAs(1)1Fig11Relationbetweentoxicityorbenefitofheavymetalsandtheirconcentration2.12.1.13[17]21:3Table3Contentofheavymetalsofmethanogenicbacteria(g/kg)NiCoMoZnMnCuFe0.010.0750.060.060.020.011.82.1.2,,[18]:FeCoNiZnCuMnMoSeWB,FeCoNi0.020.0040.003mg/gAC(aceticacid,),Speece[18],FeCoNiNa+(12000mg/L)FeCoNi,Na+(12000mg/L)15d,,39d2.1.3,,4()[19]4Table4Metalcofactors,theenzymestheyactivate,andtheenzymesfunctionCo(),B12Cu,,Fe,Mn,,MoNiF430SeVWZnRNADNA2.2,,,,,,,,2.2.1Paolo[20](AUR)(SOUR),Cd2+Cr6+Cu2+Pb2+Zn2+,1h,AURSOUR:Cu2+Zn2+Cd2+Pb2+Cr6+50%25050065013500150000g/L;50%380075022516000300000g/LMetcalf[21]:As50g/L,Cd1000g/L,Cr10000g/L,Cr6+1000g/L,Cu1000g/L,Pb100g/L,Hg100g/L,Ni1000g/L,Zn1000g/L2.2.2S2-CO2-3,,,pH,,,[22]:,IC5030300mg/L,[23],,,37:Zn2+700g/L,Cr3+500g/L,Cu2+500g/L,Ni2+400g/L,Cr6+400g/L,500g/L3,,,,:3.1:(sulfatereducingbacteria,SRB),SRBS2-,,,,,,,,,RumpfFergusonUASB:CdCrCoCuPb,CaFeMnZn94%,MgPNi36%79%68%,,,CdNiCdCrCo,NiZn,312:[24]Catherine[25]AlBBaCaCoFeMnZn,5AlBZn,Mn,CaCoFe,,5Table5Absorptivecapacityofpeattoheavymetals(mg/kg)AlBBaCaCoMnZn7.351424.613.15.62922273.3Dorthe[4]4,:B;pH,CrCuNiMoSn;pH,Zn,AsCdNiCuPbSnZnpH;AsCrSbSnpH3.4,,2MPa,Pe2ters[26],Ihlenberg2,36m3/h,98%Angelo[27],,,CuZn,Cd,99.5%,2MPa5MPa,CuZn96%98%4NiCoMoZnMnCuFe,,41:CdCrHgPbAs,,,,,,,[1]DavoliE1,GangaiM1L1,MorselliL1,etal.Characteriza2tionofodorantsemissionsfromlandfillsbySPMEandGC/MS.Chemosphere,2003,51:357368[2]ButtT1E1,OduyemikO1K.Aholisticapproachtoconcen2trationassessmentofhazardsintheriskassessmentofland2fillleachate.Environ1International,2003,28:597608[3],,,..,2004,17(1):7680[4]DortheL1J.,ThomashC.ColloidalanddissolvedmetalsinleachatesfromfourDanishlandfills.Wat.Res.,1999,33(9):21392147[5]..:,2004[6].1,2001[7]-,,,.1,2003[8]AndreottolaG.Chemicalandbiologicalcharacteristicsoflandfillleachate1In:LandfillingofWaste:Leachate1Lon2don:ElsevierAppliedScience,1992[9]T1Urase,M1Salequzzaman,S.Kobayashi,etal.Effectofhighconcentrationoforganicandinorganicmattersinlandfillleachateonthetreatmentofheavymetalsinverylowcon2centrationlevel.Wat.Sci.Tech.,1997,36(12):349356[10]JoarK1“,AmundM1,ElinG.Estimationofthemass2bal2anceofselectedmetalsinfoursanitarylandfillsinWest2ernNorway,withemphasisontheheavymetalcontentofthedepositedwasteandtheleachate.WaterResearch,2004,38:28512858[11]CouncilDirective98/83/EU.CouncilDirective98/83/ECof3November1998ontheQualityofWaterIntendedforHumanConsumption1TheCounciloftheEuropeanU2nion,1998[12]ReinhartD1R1,GroshC1J.AnalysisofFloridaMSWland2fillleachatequality.FloridaCentreforSolidandHazard2ousManagement,Gainsville,FL,19981397[13]RookerA1P.Acriticalevaluationoffactorsrequiredtoterminatethepost2closuremonitoringperiodatsolidwastelandfill.Masterofsciencethesis,DepartmentofCivilEn2gineering,EnvironmentalEngineeringandWaterRe2sources,NCStateUniversity,Raleigh,NC,2000[14]FlyhammarP.AnalysisofthecadmiumfluxinSwedenwithspecialemphasisonlandfillleachate.Environ1Qual.,1995,24:21612[15]BeleviH1,BacciniP.Waterandelementfluxesfromsani2tarylandfills.In:ChristensenT1H1,CossuR1,StegmannR1,editors.SanitaryLandfilling:Process,TechnologyandEnvironmentalImpact.London:AcademicPressLtd.,198917391[16]S.J.LippardandJ.M.Berg,..:,2000[17]..:,199815354[18]R.E.Speece,..,20011153156[19]BruceE.RittmannandPerryL.MacCarty.,..:,200413740[20]PaoloM1,DonatellaD1,LorenaG1,etal.ResponseofSO