城市温室气体排放清单编制研究进展李晴

33220131ACTAECOLOGICASINICAVol．33No．2Jan．2013http//．ecologica．cn2010090552000—2010STSN-11-022011-11-112012-02-22*[e-mail]10．5846/stxb201111111705．．20133320367-0373．LiQingTangLinaShiLY．Researchandcompilationofurbangreenhousegasemissioninventory．ActaEcologicaSinica20133320367-0373．*361021。、。、、。CO2ResearchandcompilationofurbangreenhousegasemissioninventoryLIQingTANGLinaSHILongyu*KeyLabofUrbanEnvironmentandHealthInstituteofUrbanEnvironmentChineseAcademyofSciencesXiamen361021ChinaAbstractWhileactionsforaddressingglobalclimatechangeshouldnotbedelayedanopenandcompatiblemethodforquantifyingthegreenhousegasGHGemissionsofcitiesorlocalregionsiscriticalrequiredtosupportpolicies．UrbanGHGinventoryisfundamentalforaccountingGHGemissionsincities．Ingeneralitreflectsbothemissionstructureandtrend．CompilingGHGinventoriesaturbanscaleisabasicdemandoflow－carboncityconstructioninChinaandalsoafoundationforChina'sfuturedevelopment．AlthoughusethemethodsofnationalGHGinventoriesasreferenceGHGinventoriesforcitieshavetheirowncharacteristicsonprinciplesandmethodologysystems．ThepresenturbanGHGinventoryusuallyusestheexperiencesofGHGinventorymethodologiesdevelopedbyIPCCTheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangeICLEIInternationalCouncilforLocalEnvironmentalInitiativesandDraftInternationalStandardforDeterminingGreenhouseGasEmissionsforCities．HowevertherearestillnosystemicandstandardizedmethodsandindexesforurbanGHGinventoriesbecausedifferentorganizationshaveestablisheddifferentapproachesforinventoryingurbanGHGemissions．ThoughunifiedframeworksuchasIPCCorICLEIisusedtreatmentsonsomeemissionsourceselectricityandcross-boundarytransportordivisionsofsub－sectorsaredifferent．Duetotheseissuesitisunsuitableforcomparisonbetweencities．AtthesametimethecalculationresultsofChina'surbanGHGemissionshavelittlecomparabilitywiththoseofwesterncitiesowingtodifferencesofdefinitionsandscales．China'surbanGHGemissioninventoryresearchisjustatthebeginningandachievementsneedtobeextendedandtheperformanceofurbanGHGemissioninventorystillhasalongwaytogo．BasedonpresentmethodologiesofcompilingurbanGHGemissioninventoriesandtypicalcasestudiesbothdomesticandinternationalwewerewillingtoestablishacommonhttp//．ecologica．cnstandardbywhichinventoryofurbanemissionsshouldbefollowed．ConsideringthespecialcharacteristicsofChina'surbanstructureandtheproblemswhichwouldbefacedduringtheaccountingprogressChina'surbanGHGinventoriesshouldtakeitsadministrativeareaasspatialboundaryandthreemaingasescarbondioxidemethaneandnitrousoxideshouldbeconcluded．Consumption-basedmodeshouldbechoseinordertoreflectemissionamountandstructuremoretrulyandmorecomprehensive．ThemostrecentIPCCguidelinescanbeusedfordeterminingemissionsfromfouraspectsenergystationaryandmobilesourcesindustrialprocessesandproductuseIPPUagricultureforestryandotherlanduseAFOLUwheresignificantandwaste．WhileitisimpracticaltoquantifyalloftheemissionsassociatedwiththeindirectwaysofurbanGHGemissionssuchasmyriadofgoodsandmaterialsconsumedincitiesurbanGHGinventoriesshouldalsoincludeout-of-boundaryemissionsfromthegenerationofelectricityanddistrictheatingwhichareconsumedincitiesincludingtransmissionanddistributionlossesemissionsfromaviationandmarinevesselscarryingpassengersorfreightawayfromcitiesout-of-boundaryemissionsfromwastethatisgeneratedincities．TheGHGemissionsembodiedinthefoodwaterfuelsandbuildingmaterialsconsumedincitiesshouldalsobereportedasadditionalinformationitemsifpossible．UncertaintyassessmentandqualityassuranceareencouragedandshouldfollowIPCCguidelines．KeyWordsclimatechangelow-carboncitygreenhousegasemissioninventorycarbonemissionreductionCO21“”、2。、。、、、80%3。。。、、。。、。2008、。、。、、、。1IPCCIPCC、ICLEI《》。1．1IPCCIPCC、。86333http//．ecologica．cn、。。。1IPCCIPCCE=AD×EFEADEF。2IPCCIPCCE=F×Ca－Fx×OECO2FCaFxO。3IPCCIPCCEs=F×EFEF=fabcdET=∑ESEsCO2FEFa、b、c、d、、ETCO2。1．2ICLEIICLEI、、4CACPICLEICCP。ICLEIIPCCIPCC。CACPCO2。CACPCO25。1．32010323UNEP、UN-HABITAT《》100。IPCCICLEI316。23、、、。、、、。、。9632http//．ecologica．cn1Table1ScaledivisionofurbangreenhousegasemissioninventoriesScaleEmissionProcesses12、32、、、、、、、、2。。IPCC1987—19967IPCC2002CO28。CCPICLEI9-10、11、5、12。2。2Table2MajorcontentsofGHGemissioninventoriesinsomeforeigncitiesMethodsCityCalculatedgasesSectorDivisionCitywideEmissionInventory①MunicipalEmissionInventoryIPCCCO2CH4CO2ICLEICO2CH4N2O②/CO2CH4CO2CH4NOxCO2CH4①②IPCCIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangeICLEIInternationalCouncilforLocalEnvironmentalInitiatives、、、IPCCICLEI、。。IPCC、13-16CO2CO2、。17。3、3。IPCC17、、。HFCs、PFCsSF607333http//．ecologica．cnCO2、CH4N2O3。3Table3ComparisonbetweennationalandurbanGHGemissioninventoriesNationalGHGEmissionInventoryUrbanGHGEmissionInventoryContentsCalculatedgasesCO2CH4N2OHFCsPFCsSF63CO2CH4N2OModelsMethodstop-downbottom-up。。、1819。、、、。、、。。4。4．1、3CO2、CH4N2O。4．2。、、、、、、。4．2．1ICLEICCPICLEIICLEI20。ICLEI。IPCCIPCCIPCC。1732http//．ecologica．cn。4．2．2。。。。4．3。、、、。IPCC、、。4．4、、。。IPCCICLEI。IPCC。5。、。、、、。、、。。。、、、、。。、、、。。、、。27333http//．ecologica．cnReferences1SolomonSPlattnerGKKnuttiRFriedlingsteinP．Irreversibleclimatecha