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3111201011ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCEVol.31No.11Nov.2010100037.、..、.X16A0250-3301201011-2780-082009-12-302010-03-2241001380Z080006026208011980～E-mailecoduron@163.comProgressinResearchofUrbanGreenhouseGasEmissionInventoryCHENCao-caoLIUChun-lanTIANGangWANGHai-huaLIZhengBeijingMunicipalResearchInstituteofEnvironmentalProtectionBeijing100037ChinaAbstractUrbanareascarrymainresponsibilityforconsumingmassiveenergysourcesandmakegreatcontributiontoglobalanthropogenicgreenhousegasemissions.Cityandlocalgovernmentsareseentohaveakeyroleinclimatemitigation.HenceoneoftheimportantworkconcernsaccountingforcitygreenhousegasGHGemissionsbecauseitplayssignificantroleinsettingreductiontargetsandevaluatingsuccessoflocalmeasures.Howeveropensystemarchitectureslikecityfacemanychallengesforgreenhousegasaccounting.BasedonthereviewindetailsthemethodologyandcasestudyourstudyfocusesonthedifferenceandinterconnectionbetweencountryandcityGHGaccountsanduncertaintyofaccounts.FurtherweproposethevaluableexperienceinordertoimprovedomesticresearchoncityGHGemissioninventory.KeywordscitycountrygreenhousegasGHGemissioninventoryevaluationproblemsandexperiences.2007IPCC1000.74℃CO260%1.50%22.4%367%～80%4～6.78..、.、、、9～12....on-siteemission.13..、、、、11、.、14.IPCC15...1、..1.1IPCC.《》UNFCCC11.IPCC.、、.《IPCC2006》415、、/、4..《IPCC》、.2009UNFCCC1990～20071411481IPCC16.EIA、IEA、WRIIPCC14.《IPCC》.《IPCC》.、IPCC17.《IPCC》CEMSCO2、N2O.IPCC..EPA18.AGO19.EEAEMEP/EEAIPCC20.EMEP/EEA、、、EMEP/EEAIPCC.1.2..IPCC、.187231IPCCEMEP/EEA、、、、21..LocalGovernmentsforSustainabilityICLEI.1993ICLEICitiesforClimateProtectionCampaignCCP.ICLEI331179CCP15%、22.ICLEI“”23.ICLEIcleanairandclimateprotectionCACP.CACP6、、、112425.CACP.CACPIPCC.CACPCCP.ICLEI、CARB、CCAR、TCRWBCSD/WRI.2008ICLEI、、InternationalLocalGovernmentGHGEmissionsAnalysisProtocol26.1.31.3.1.《》6CO2、CH4、N2O、HFCs、PFCsSF6.CO2、CH4N2O3..IPCC100CO2GWP.2007IPCCCO21CH425N2O298.《》3HFCs、PFCsSF6《》CFCs、HCFCs.1.3.2...、1.IPCCEMEP/EEA.1.3.3.、..28721111518202728Table1ReferenceofcityGHGemissionsfactors、、IPCC2006IPCC.EMEP/EEA2009EEAEPAEIIPAP-42EPA..12.1.3.42.Production-basedInventory.Consumption-basedInventory.、、、.IPCC15...12212425..、、、、29.、.embodiedemissions.3031.“”.1992～20045%18%32.23%33..1.3.5.IPCC、、、15.3212、322634.3872312Table2SectorsandscopesofcityGHGemissions123/、√/、√2、√ICLEI12326.123、3.31526Table3ComparativeanalysisofsectorsbetweencountryandcityGHGemissionsIPCCICLEI123、n/a1//n/a、//、、、/n/a/、n/a/、n/a/n/an/an/a/n/a/1n/a1.3.6.....CO2、.CEMSCO2.1995EPACEMS.CEMSCO2..CO2.CO2CO2.CO2.487211CO2.35.36———CO25%80%.N2O101.1Fig.1UncertaintyintheestimatesofUSGHGemissions22.1、、.BaldasanoIPCCBottom-up1987～199612.CO2CH4、、、5.、、10%1、2、3.TyndallCentre1020062025CO2、、1、2.2002ICLEI“”200525.ICLEICACP、、、、1、2.2.“”1、2、3ICLEICACP37.199020052012.3CO2、CH4N2O、、、、.2090ICLEIICLEICACP.200711ICLEI1、2、3.Dhakal384———、、1CO2IPCC.381990～2000587231、、、IPCCEMEP/CORINAIR1.2.2209039.、.40IPCC.41ORNL1994～2005.1994、.20082005、、、42.、.33.11..、..2..23..3.、.、..3.21、.2、、、、、.31143.、、、、、、.4、、、.1IPCC.ClimateChange2007ThePhysicalScienceBasisR.CambridgeUKCambridgeUniversityPress2007.1-989.2UNFPA.StateofWorldPopulation2007UnleashingthePotentialofUrbanGrowthR.NewYorkUNFPA2008.41-57.3PotereDSchneiderA.AcriticallookatrepresentationsofurbanareasinglobalmapsJ.Geojournal200769155-80.4O'MearaMPetersonJA.ReinventingcitiesforpeopleandtheplanetM.WashingtonWorldwatchInstitute1999.12-31.5IEA.WorldEnergyOutlookR.ParisFrance2008.1-12.6872116SatterthwaiteD.Cities'contributiontoglobalwarmingnotesontheallocationofgreenhousegasemissionsJ.EnvironmentandUrbanization2008202539-549.7UN.WorldUrbanizationProspectsthe2006RevisionR.NewYorkUnitedNations2005.33-54.8BetsillMMBulkeleyH.CitiesandthemultilevelgovernanceofglobalclimatechangeJ.GlobalGovernanceAReviewofMultilateralismandInternationalOrganizations2006122141-159.9BloombergMMR.InventoryofNewYorkcitygreenhousegasemissions2005EB/OL.2007http//home2.nyc.gov/html/planyc2030/downloads/pdf/greenhousegas_2009.pdf.10GLACH.GreaterLondonauthoritycityhallactiontodaytoprotecttomorrowtheMayor＇sclimatechangeactionplanEB/OL.2007http//