城市污泥堆肥温度动态变化过程及层次效应

22520025ACTAECOLOGICASINICAVol.22,No.5May,2002,,,,,(,100101):(962909201205):2001209207;:2002203207:(1963),,,E2mail:[e-mail]:,,,,,,,,,,5015,,,,,,:;;;TemperatureDynamicDuringtheSewageSludgeCompostingPro2cessCHENTong2Bin,HUANGQi2Fei,GAODing,HUANGZe2Chun,ZHENGYu2Qi,LIYan2Xia(LaboratoryofEnvironmentalRemediation,InstituteofGeographicSciencesandNaturalResourcesRe2search,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100101,China).ActaEcologicaSinica,2002,22(5):736741.Abstract:Itwaswellrecognizedthatmanyfactorsinfluencedthecompostingprocessandtheresultingproduct.Temperaturewasthemostimportantecologicaldeterminantwithincomposingmaterial.Temper2atureincreasewasafunctionofstartingpoints,metabolicheatevolutionandheatconservation,withtheachievementofminimumtemperaturelevelsbeingessentialtoaneffectivecompostingprocessandcon2tributingsubstantiallytothehighratesofdecompositionachievedduringprocessing.Fewstudieshadbeenundertakentounderstandtheprocessesofmicrobes,heatlossesfromthemass,andtheecologicalnature,includingmicrobialsuccession.Thetemperatureofacompostingmassdependedlargelyonairflow.Thetemperaturebetweenthecenterandthesurfaceofthecompostingmassvariedgreatlyinstaticpileslargelybecauseofairflow.Turningofstacksorforcedaeration,asinenvironmentallycontrolledcomposting,couldcontroltempera2tureeffectively.Terminationofsuchpracticesresultedinthetemperaturesoonreturningtotherangeof70to80.Theforcedaeratinginfluencedthetemperaturesatdifferentpositions,sothetemperaturechangesweredifferent.Toknowthedifferencewasimportanttocontrolthecompostingprocess,improvethequalityofthecompostingproduct.Thestudywascarriedouttoinvestigatethetemperaturedynamicduringthesewagesludgeaerobicstaticcomposting.©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.Allexperimentedcompostingpileswereplacedinabuildingin116m110mbayswithcementfloorsandwalls.Aerationboardswerelaidonthebottomofthebays.Thepilescontainedsewagesludge(moisturecontent=83%85%,VolatileSolid=49%58%),recycledcompostandbulkingagentwithfiveproportions.Abulkingagentlayerontheaerationboardsdispersedairthroughthe110mhighmixlayer.Allpileswerecoveredwitha202cminsulatinglayerofrecycledcompost.Eachbayhadanaeratortosupplyambientair.Sensorswereinsertedintothemiddlelayerandupperlayerofthepiles’geometricalcenterstodetectthetemperatures,andthedetectedvalueswerefedbacktothecomputerizedcontrolsys2tem.Inordertostudythedifferenceamongthedifferentlayers,sixsensorswereinsertedintothepilesinthetreatmentIIfromthebottomtothetop.Athree2stagecontrolalgorithmcontrolledthedamperdutycycleofaerators.Thecontrolsoftwareloggedtemperaturesevery15minutesandgeneratedreports.Thetemperatureincreasinganddecreasingspeedwasslow,lessthan417ödand219ödrespec2tively,andthecompostingdurationwaslongandthecompostingtemperaturewaslowerwhenthepropor2tionofbulkingagentwaslower.Onthecontrary,whentheproportionofbulkingagentwashigh,thetemperaturedecreasingwasfaster,about121716öd,andthecompostingtemperaturewashighe2noughtodestroythepathogenicmicroorganisms.Thedurationinhightemperatureperiodrelatedtotheproportionofbulkingagent:thedurationwasshorterwhenthelatterwashigher,butlongenoughtode2stroythepathogenicmicroorganismswhentherecycledcompostwasadded.Thecompostingprocesssuggestedbyearlierreportscouldbedividedintothreestages:temperatureincreasingstage,hightemperaturestageandtemperaturedecreasingstage.Howeverourexperimentindi2catedthatthecompostingprocessshouldbedividedintofourperiods:besidesthethreeperiodspreviouslystated,theperiodfromthelowtemperaturetothe15shouldbenoticedbecauseitwasimportantforthemicroorganismstoproliferateandthecompostingprocesstostart.Thetemperaturechangingtrendsatthedifferentplacesinthecompostingpilesweredifferent.Thetemperatureoftheupper2layerwaslowerthanthatoftheunder2layerintheearlystage,andthenthefor2merwashigherwiththedevelopmentofcompostingprocess.Thetemperatureofmiddle2layerwashigheratthehightemperaturestage,butthetemepratureofun2der2layerwashigheratstartingstageanditshouldbestudiedinfuture.Keywords:sewagesludge;composting;temperature;positioneffect:100020933(2002)0520736206:X705:A,pHCöN[15],[6,7],[8]:;;;[916],,[17]37d,,,,[18]WileySpillane,,7080[19],,,,,[20,21]Finstein,,[1,2],[22],7375:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,1111,83%85%,49%58%CTB2170%6517%3911%3813%112116110111m3(1)1Fig.1Schematicofthecompostingsystem113(1)2,II6,(Compsoft)(CTB),(1)1Table1Dateandtreatmentsofcomposting(2)Date(Year2Month)Treatments1999211IIIIII2001203IVVMixingratio(::CTB)(Sewagesludge:recycledcompost:bulkingagent)3:0:22:1:11:0:12:0:31:0:12211219992(199911)Fig.2Temperaturedynamicchanginginautumn(1999211)I,417öd,4613,219ödIII,,215d,1716öd,1011öd(GB7959287),505557d,III50115d,50%,,,;,,II2d58,12öd,506d,,,417öd,219öd,,,,121716öd,215d50,,,83722©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,50320013Mosher,20,[3],,1515,215415417d,217219öd,IV1550113d,2619öd,V611ödMiller,,[16][17]3,15,3,4:,15,,,,,3(20013)Fig.3Temperaturedynamicchanginginspring(2001203)4Fig.4Typicalcurveoftemperaturedynamicchangin