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*莫测辉 蔡全英 王江海 (华南农业大学资源环境学院,广州510642)(中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,广州51640)吴启堂(华南农业大学资源环境学院,广州510642)ApplicationofSewageSludgetotheAbandonedMiningLandReclamation.MoCehui,CaiQuanying,WuQitang(Col-legeofResourcesandEnvironment,SouthChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Guangzhou510642),WangJianghai(GuangzhouInstituteGeochemistry,ChineseAcademyofSciencesGuanzhou510640).ChineseJournalofEcology,2001,20(2):44-47.Basedontheanalysisoftheexistingproblemsinreclaimingabandonedmininglandandtheirnegativeeffectonthee-cologicalenvironment,andinviewofthelimitedfactorstoreclaimabandonedminingland,thispaperputsforwardthesuggestionsofusingsewagesludgeasanalternativeinmininglandreclamation.Applicationofsewagesludgeinreclamationhasbeneficialeffects,suchasincreasingorganicmattercontent,preventingsoilerosion,recoveringveg-etation,andpromotingmicrobialpopulationanditsactivities.Unfavorablefactorsincludingheavymetalandorganicpollutantforapplicationsofsewagesludgeandtheircountermeasuresarealsodiscussed.Keywords:sewagesludge,abandonedminingland,reclamation.:X171.4 :A :1000-4890(2001)02-0044-04 *(970011)(1997-16),. :,,36,。19871992,1995,1997。。40。 ,,,。,,。,()。,。,,。。,,。1 、[1]。,①、;②;③;④、、。,,,①。2.0×106ha,。,3.3×104ha[2],;②、,,,。19907,72mm22.0×105m3,,3.5ha2,,100[3];③,,。,、。,1.76×106ha[14]。,,、pH(pH2) 2001,20(2):44-47ChineseJournalofEcology DOI:10.13292/j.1000-4890.2001.0033。(),()。150,,72%,。,。,,。、50%,79.5%,75.8%(),()85%[5]。2060,、、,55%～82%。,,1%。,。,、、、、、。、。,、,。,,。[5,14],①,;②,N、P、K,;③,,;④pH。,pH2。,。;⑤。,。。2 。,“”1.0×107t,10%。“2000”,200020%～30%;“”,200552(10),10%40%,6.1×106t。,,。,。、、。3,,N、P、K,,(1)[6]。,。100。,“,”。,,?“”,,,、。,,。15。,、、、40%～50%。、。1 、、Tab.1 ContentofN,P,KandorganicmatterinmunicipalsludgeofGuangdong*(g·kg-1)24.9836.9719.8729.6011.83(g·kg-1)11.6617.6712.1818.3711.83(g·kg-1)16.0521.5212.3610.287.74(mg·kg-1)2316.942449.422325.872541.56(mg·kg-1)1545.16989.34522.662356.14(mg·kg-1)4549.04899.36396.284915.91(g·kg-1)303.77600.38261.70290.32380.21 *19965. 、、,[9]、。3 3.1 ,、、。,,45: 。,,,,[15]。,,、、、,[8,9,13,15,16]。、。,、,。,,。28°(,200～400t·ha-1),(64mm·h-1),,(10%),[16]。,。3.2 ,、、。,,。,/。,,、,。。,。。、、,,,。,,。,0～30cm30～60cm,60～90cm,,[15]。,、,。Sopper4ha,,,,32～35cm[4]。,,,,。3.3 。。,。、,99%。,,;(1g),。Sopper4×106～6.3×107·g-14×106～1.8×105·g-1,5～103～4,1.18×104～1.423×106·g-1[13]。,。,,,,。4 4.1 。Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Co、Cr、Hg、Cd、Mo。,。,(),。(2),;(),,,Cu、Zn(2)。2 (mg·kg-1)Tab.2 ContentofmetalsinsewagesludgefromdifferentwastewatertreatmentplantsCuZnPbCrCdHg2291.222138.0182.511151.301.321529.14-210.00195.022.372.951273.21-223.3080.002.433.67636.9619.5148.01139.029.37 :“-”,。、.46 20 2 ,。(PAHs)、(HCNs)、/(PCDD/Fs)、(PCBs)、(CBs)。、,[17]。。,、,GC-MS,USEPA“”。,、[6]。,。4.2 4.2.1 ,,。,,,。4.2.2 [18～20] ,。,,,(),。,、,,。4.2.3 ,,,[15]。4.2.4 ,,,。GC/MS,,,[6]1)。。(pH=9.1),、。,,,,,,[12]。, 1).[R].,1998.Ca2+[21];Ca2+,,[13,16,22]。,,,。,,C/N,,。,、,。4.2.5 。--,。,,。。4.2.6 ,,,。5 。、、、。,。,。,。。,。,,。,,,、、。[1] R.P.().[M].:,1987.[2] ,,,.[J].,1996,16(3):191-194.(51)47: ,,。210～260mm,10%,2.0×105kW,。,()、(,)、()、(10%～15%)(,),。3.4 ,,,、、。,①、;②、、、、;③、、;④、;⑤---。,,7,7;6～7“()-”,6～7;95,。,“”,。[1] .[J].,1997,6(2):187-192.[2] .[J].,1990,10(3):42-44.[3] ,.:、[N]?,19941013.[4] ,.,[N].,1998930.[5] .·[M].:,1990.105-116.(:1998112,:19981225) (47)[3] ,,,.[J].,1992,10:8-10.[4] .[J].,1988,41(2):25-27.[5] Bradshaw,A.().[J].,1990,10(1):24-26.[6] ,,,.[J].,1997,8(6):645-649.[7] ,,.[J].,1992,8(4):20-22.[8] ,.[J].,1995,23(6):47-51.[9] ,,.[J].,1994,25(3):126-129.[10] .[M].:,1995.433.[11] ,,,.LABs[J].,1998,19(1):88-92.[12] ,.[J].,1995,14(4):145-149.[13] Sopper,W.E.UtilisationofsewagesludgeintheUnitedStatesforminelandreclamation[A].In:Hall,J.E.(ed).Al-ternativeUsesforSewageSludge[C].Oxford:PergmonPress,1989.21-40.[14] ErnstWHO.Responseofplantandvegetationtominetail-ingsanddredgedmaterials[A].In:Salomons,W.(eds).ChemistryandBiologyofSolidWastes,DredgedMaterialandMineTailings[C].Berling:Springer-Verlag,1988.53-69.[15] Sort,X.andAlcaniz,J.M.Contributionofsewagesludgetoerosioncontrolintherehabilitationoflimestonequarries[J].LandDegradationandDevelopment,1996,7(1):69-76.[16] Werner,W.etal.Experiencesoftheusageofheavyamountsofsewagesludgeforreclaimingopencastminingareasandameliorationofverysteepandstonyvineyards[A].In:Hall,J.E.(ed).AlternativeUsesforSewangeSludge[C].Oxford:PergamonPress,1989.71-82.[17] Alcock,R.E.PolychlorinatedbiphenylsindigestedUKsewagesludges[J].Chemosphere,1993,26(12):2199-2207.[18] Jenkins,R.L.etal.Metalsremovalandrecoveryfrommunic-ipalsludge[J].J.WaterPollut.ContrFed.,1981,53(1):25-31.[19] Tyagi,R.D.etal.Bacterialleachingoftoxicmetalsfrommu-nicipalsludge:influenceofsludgecharacteristics[J].WaterEnviron.Res.,1993,65(3):196-204.[20] WuQitang,etal.Removalofheavymetalsfromsewagesludgebylowcostingchemicalmethodandrecyclinginagri-culture[J].J.EnvironmentalSciences,1998,10(1):122-128.[21] Wilkins,D.A.Atechniqueforthemeasurementofleadtoler-anceinplants[J].Nature,1957,189:37-38.[22] Wang,M.H.etal.Theeffectofapplicationsofphosphate,lime,EDTA,refusecompostandpigman