城镇化对我国食物消费系统氮素水体排放的影响魏静

2911200911ACTAECOLOGICASINICAVol.29,No.11Nov.,2009(30571087);948(2006-G60):2008-07-28;　　:2009-04-18*Correspondingauthor.E-mail:[e-mail]魏　静,马　林,杨玉荣,马文奇*,路　光,赵　路(,　071001):,。1982、19922002,。:;,1982,1992、20022.8;,1982,7.5%,200256.7%,34。,,2020121～155t,41～64t。、。:;;;:1000-0933(2009)11-6035-07　:F205　:ATheinfluenceofurbanizationonnitrogenemissiontowaterinfoodconsumptionsystemofChinaWEIJing,MALin,YANGYu-Rong,MAWen-Qi*,LUGuang,ZHAOLuCollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentalScience,AgriculturalUniversityofHebei,Baoding071001,ChinaActaEcologicaSinica,2009,29(11):6035～6041.Abstract:ThefastdevelopmentofurbanizationinChinamaybringhugeecologicalpressureandseriousenvironmentallypollution.ThisarticlestudiedthenitrogenfluxesinfoodconsumptionsystemsofhouseholdsofruralandurbaninhabitantsofChinain19821992and2002andexploredtheinfluenceofurbanizationonnitrogenemissionintowater.Theresultsshowedthattheamountofexcreledurinenitrogenandtheemissionofnitrogenintowaterwashigherforurbaninhabitantsthanthatforruralinhabitants.Thenitrogenemissionintowaterpercapitaofurbaninhabitantswasaboutthesameasthatofruralinhabitantsin1982.Howeverthenitrogenintowaterpercapitaofurbaninhabitantswas2.8timesofthatofruralinhabitantsin1992and2002.Theemissionofurinenitrogenintowaterwasaboutequalforurbanandruralinhabitantsin1982.Theemissionofurinenitrogenintowaterofurbaninhabitantsincreasedupto56.7%by2002;theemissionofurbaninhabitantswas34%lower.Thescenarioanalysisshowedthattheemissionofurinenitrogenintowaterincreasesupto121-155tenthousandtonsin2020,iftheproteinconsumptionincreasesbecauseofaincreasingpopulation.Improvingtheuseofurinenitrogenandsewagehandlingcanreducetheemissionofnitrogenintowater.KeyWords:urbanization;urinenitrogen;nitrogenemissionintowater;China,。30%～70%,70%。20,[1]。,,[2,3,4],[5,6]。[7]。。,,,[8],,,,。,,。,、、90%,67.0%78.8%[9]。。,,,。1　1.1　,,。1.2　1　Fig.1　Themodelofnitrogenintowaterinfoodconsumptionsystem1.2.1　,、,、、、。,:NW=(Ne×Nfr×(100-Nfa)/100)×(100-Nr)/100×[Rnt×(100-Rnd)+(100-Rnt)]/100(1)Ne=P×Nep(2)Nw:;Ne:,2,P:;Nep:。Nfr:(%);Nfa:(%);Nr:(%),,,;Np:(%);Rnt:(%);Rnd:(%)。,。1.2.2　1982、19922002[10]。2%,7%、,88%(Nfr=88%)[11],6036　　　　　　　29　。25%(Nfa=25%)[12～14]。,“--”;60%,,、[15～17]1。1　1982、1992、2002、、Table1　Thefieldrate,sewageprocessingrate,nitrogenremovingrateofurbanandruralin1982,1992,2002ItemYear(%)Fieldrate(%)Sewageprocessingrate(%)NremovingrateUrban1982902.0251992508.02520022022.325Rural198290--199280--2002701251.3　20202002(39%)、(12.8)(2002,72g/、68/)(S1),20206:(S2):202055%[1]、14.5①,(2020)(81/)[18],、、[19～21](2);(S3):[22],、、、S2;(S4):10,S2;(S5):1085%,5%,S2;(S6):10,S2。2　2020[1,18～22]Table2　TheScenarioof2020Scenario、Populationandurbanizationrate(%)UrbanProtein(g/d)(%)Fieldrate(%)SewageprocessingrateNremovingrate(%)RuralProtein(g/d)(%)Fieldrate(%)SewageprocessingrateNremovingrate(%)S112.839%722022.3256870125S214.555%811075508150250S313.753.2%811075508150250S414.555%812075508160250S514.555%811085508150550S614.555%811075608150260　　2020　Sewageprocessingratecanbereferencedthelivinggoalin2020tobuildamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectsofMinistryofConstruction2　2.1　3。,2002210t,1982、19922.51.5;,。300t,,,20021982、199210%。,1982,1992、20026037　11　　　　:　①2007。,20021992,1982。20021992、1982,20a。,[23]。3　1982、19922002、Table3　ThenitrogenconsumedandexcrementurineNbyurbanandruralresidentsin1982,1992and2002YearUrban(t)EatenN(10000t)(t)UrineN(10000t)(kg)UrineNpercapitaRural(t)EatenN(10000t)(t)UrineN(10000t)(kg)UrineNpercapita198286.9576.523.630330.06290.463.6431992140.82123.923.852330.54290.873.4222002210.54185.283.690299.64263.683.3702.2　、4,4,,,20021992、19822.318.4。,20021992、19821.42.7,,2002198237t,2002104.97t。,1982,1992、20022.8。,,1800,2002,1.334kg,18002.401t。4　1982、19922002、Table4　ThetotalquantityofNintowaterandThepercapitaquantityofNintowaterbyurbanandruralresidentsin1982,1992and2002YearUrban(t)Nintowater(10000t)(kg)NintowaterpercapitaRural(t)Nintowater(10000t)(kg)Nintowaterpercapita19825.710.27121.730.273199245.541.41543.520.5122002104.972.09059.180.7562.3　,5,200256.7%,198249;200222.4%,198212;1982,199222,5　1982、19922002Table5　Therateofexcrementurinenitrogenintowaterofurbanandruralin1982,1992and2002Year(%)UrineNintowaterrateofurban(%)UrineNintowaterrateofrural19827.57.5199236.715.0200256.722.46038　　　　　　　29　。,,。2.4　2020(6),(S1),,,19～84t,(S1)22～86t。2002(S1)14.5～19.6,、、;2002(S1)7.3～14.7,。,,(S2),58.1%,140t。,,。(6),2002(S1),202013.7,53.2%,(2020)(S3),121t,63t。202014.5,55%,(2020)(S2、S4、S5、S6),121～155t,41～64t。、,,,6,,:S4S210,36t,(%)5.9;S5S210,3,13t,(%)2.1;S6S210,17t,(%)2.8。、。,、。6　Table6　NitrogeninexcrementurineandNintowateratdifferentscenarioScenarioUrban(t)UrineN(10000t)(t)Nintowater(10000t)(%)NintowaterrateRural(t)UrineN(10000t)(t)Nintowater(10000t)(%)NintowaterrateChina(t)UrineN(10000t)(t)Nintowater(10000t)(%)NintowaterrateS118510556.72645922.444916436.6S233214042.227210137.160424139.9S330312842.22679937.157022739.8S433212437.52728129.760420534.0S533212938.8