持久性有机污染土壤的植物修复及其机理研究进展

*彭胜巍1周启星1,2**(1南开大学环境科学与工程学院环境污染过程与基准教育部重点实验室,天津300071;2中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所中国科学院陆地生态过程重点实验室,沈阳110016)随着人类对化学品的依赖程度越来越高,环境的有机污染状况也越来越严重有机污染土壤的植物修复是指利用植物在生长过程中,吸收降解钝化有机污染物的一种原位处理污染土壤的方法,具有应用成本低生态风险小对环境副作用小等特点本文综述了近年来国内外有机污染土壤的植物修复研究进展情况,重点介绍了多氯联苯多环芳烃农药和硝基芳香化合物等持久性有机污染物的植物修复,阐述了有机污染土壤植物修复的关键机制,并分析了该技术在实际工程应用中的局限性及应考虑的因素最后,指出了今后该领域的重点研究方向持久性有机污染物;土壤污染;植物修复;生态修复S963A1000-4890(2008)03-0469-07ResearchadvancesinphytoremediationanditsmechanismsofPOPscontaminatedsoils.PENGShengwei1,ZHOUQixing1,2(1KeyLaboratoryofPollutionProcessesandEnvironmentalGiteriaatMinistryofEducationCollegeofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,NankaiUniversity,Tianjin300071,China;2KeyLaboratoryofTerrestrialEcologicalProcess,InstituteofAppliedEcology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Shenyang110016,China).ChineseJournalofEcology,2008,27(3):469-475.Abstract:Thereisanincreasingorganicpollutionintheenvironmen,tbecausehumanbeingismoreandmorerelyingonchemicals.Phytoremediationoforganicpollutantscontaminatedsoilsisanonsiteremediationtechnologybasedontheplantabsorption,degradation,andpassivationoforganicpollutants,andcharacterizedbylowcos,tlowrisk,andlowsideeffecttotheenvironmen.tInthispaper,somerecentresearchadvancesinphytoremediationoforganicpollutantscontaminatedsoilsbothathomeandabroadweresummarized,withthefocusonthephytoremediationofPCBs,PAHs,pesticides,andnitrylaromaticcompounds.Thekeymechanismsofphytoremediationforsoilscontaminatedbyorganicpollutantswereexpounded,andthelimitationsofthistechnologyaswellastheaffectingfactorsthatshouldbeconsideredinanactualprojectwereanalyzed.Futuredirectionsofthisresearchfieldwerepointedou.tKeywords:persistentorganicpollutants(POPs);soilpollution;phytoremediation;ecologicalremediation.*863(2007AA061201)**Emai:[e-mail]:20071106:20080201,(UNEP)1990(IRPTC),3~4t,,,,(,2004),,,,,,,,ChineseJournalofEcology2008,27(3):469-4751Tab.1BasictypesandadvancementofphytoremediationforcontaminatedsoilsbyorganicconstituentspH,,-,(),(,),,,BTEX,,,,(),,()()(),,(TNT,DNT,HMX,,),,,DDT,(),,BTEX,MTBE,(,2004)(Millsetal.,2006;Giffordetal.,2007),PCBsPAHs(TCE)(TPH)(TNT)(1),PCBs[a],,(Singh&Jain,2003),1POPs11PCBs(PCBs),PCBs,PCBs,PCBs(,2004),PCBs10(Harneretal.,1995;Cousinsetal.,1999),Harner(1995)PCBs10~20PCBs,,,PCBsAslundZeeb(2007),PCBs,PCBs(Cucurbitapepossp.pepocv.Howden)(Carexnormalis)(Festucaarundinacea)PCBs,PCBs46g!g-1,029,015,PCBs,3PCBsChekolVough(2004)(Medicagosativa)(Lathyrussylvestris)虉草卷(Phalarisarundinacea)(Panicumvirgatum)(Festucaarundinacea)7PCBs(Aroclor,1248)4,,PCBs,虉草卷和柳枝稷的降,PCBs,PCBs虉草卷和柳枝稷在照射处理过4,PCBs70%61%,Aroclor124812PAHs(PAHs),,(,2004),PAHsListeAlexander(2000)9,,,874%,40%ParrishWhite(2006)(Cucurbitapepossp.pepo)(Cucumissativus)(Cucurbitapepossp.ovifera)PAHs,28d4702731,4,PAHsPAHs2,PAHsHuang(2004),,(Festucaarundinacea)4,16PAHs,50%,45%,,PAHsQiu(1997)12PAHs,PAHs,,,PAHs,Schwab(1998),32%~45%,PAHs,MuellerShann(2006)(Salixnigra)(Acerpseudoplatanus)(Populussp.)(Robiniapseudoacacia)(Morusrubra)5,PAHs,13,DDT,,,(2002)DDT,DDTBHC,10,3,DDT,0215mg!kg-10058~0173mg!kg-1,730%~196%,(Loliumperenne)(Festucaarundinacea),DDT,73%698%,DDT,,013%~108%,SureshSherkhane(2005)(Cichoriumintybu)(Brassicajuncea)DDT14CDDT,24h12%~13%,DDT,DDTDDDDDEDDMU,10dDDT77%61%14CDDT,14CDDTDDTPOPs,,WhiteRoss(2006)p,pDDE3:Cucurbitapepospp.pepocv.CostataRomanesco,GoldrushRaven(BioVam,MycoVamTM,invam),C.pepospp.pepoWhiteRoss,,,Garcinuno(2003),(Lupinusangustifolius)(simazine)(atrazine)(isoproturon)(linuron)(carbaryl)(fenamiphos)(permethrin),,,,14,,,,Vila(2006)4:(Zeamayscv.Pavi)(Glycinemax)471:(Triticumaestivum)(Orizasativavar.carinam)(RDXTNT),414CRDX14CTNT,42d,RDX80%(645mg!g-1);,TNT25%,TNT,RDX,(Abutilonavicennae)TNT,Chang(2004)2kgTNT(120mg!kg-1),18kg50d,TNT233%,TNT481%,TNT,,324%,343%,,TNT,TNT,,,TNTRobertsonJjemba(2005)TNT,50%14CTNT,EnterbacterTNTAdamia(2006)8TNT,(Glycinemax),TNT,TNT,TNT,,French(1999)(),005mmol!L-1TNT,0025mmol!L-1TNT,Hannink(2001),TNT(HADNT),(ADNTs),,TNT,,,TNT(Schnooretal.,1995)221POPs,,:,,,CO2H2O,(Macek&Mackova,2000;Alkorta&Garbisu,2001),,(Kow)(Macek&Mackova,2000)22POPs,,,:(Garrisonetal.,2001),,TNT(2,4,6)(Schnooretal.,2003);;,TCE(),Cl-H2O472273CO2;PCBs(Macek&Mackova,2000),,pH,,,(Schnooretal.,1995)23POPs,(,2004)(),,,10%~20%,,,,,,,,,(Steer&Harris,2000),,,(,2004),,2,3,7,8TCDD,(Burken&Schnoor,1996)3,,,:1),,;,,,,,,,;,pH60,,(,2001),,2),,,,,,(Carman&Crossman,2001;,2004)3),,,,,(),(Carman&Crossman,2001;,2004),,,4),473:,,,:;(Carman&Crossman,2001),,4,,,,,,2m,,,,,,:(1),,,;(2),,;(3),,;(4),,;(5),,,;(6),,.2002.DDT.,3(7):39-44.,,.2001..:.,,.2002..,22(1):36-39.,,.2004..:.,.2004..:.,,.2004.PCBs.,36(1):16-20.AdamiaG,GhoghoberidzeM,GravesD,etal.2006.Absorption,distribution,andtransformationofTNTinhigherplants.EcotoxicologyandEnvironmentalSafety,64(2):136-145.AlkortaI,GarbisuC.2001.Phytoremediationoforganiccontaminantsinsoils.BioresourceTechnology,79(3):273-276.AslundMLW,ZeebBA.2007.Insituphytoextractionofpolychlorinatedbiphenyl(PCB)contaminatedsoi.lScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,374(1):1-12.BurkenJG,SchnoorJL.1996.Phytoremediation,plantuptakeofatrazineandroleofrootexudates.JournalofEnviro