臭氧化污泥减量及碳源回用研究

硕士学位论文臭氧化污泥减量及碳源回用研究SLUDGEREDUCTIONBYOZONATIONANDCARBONSOURCEREUSE潘艳萍哈尔滨工业大学2012年12月国内图书分类号：X705学校代码：10213国际图书分类号：628密级：公开工学硕士学位论文臭氧化污泥减量及碳源回用研究硕士研究生：潘艳萍导师：张金松教授申请学位：工学硕士学科：市政工程所在单位：深圳研究生院答辩日期：2012年12月授予学位单位：哈尔滨工业大学ClassifiedLndex:X705U.D.C:628DissertationfortheMasterDegreeinEngineeringSLUDGEREDUCTIONBYOZONATIONANDCARBONSOURCEREUSECandidate：YanpingPanSupervisor：Prof.JinsongZhangAcademicDegreeAppliedfor：MasterofEngineeringSpeciality：MunicipalEngineeringAffiliation：ShenzhenGraduateSchoolDateofDefence：December,2012Degree-Conferring-Institution：HarbinInstituteofTechnology哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文-I-摘要随着我国污水处理量的逐年增加以及活性污泥工艺的广泛应用，剩余污泥的问题已成为了污水处理厂共同面临的难题。此外，我国生活污水浓度偏低，碳源不足也是污水厂普遍面临的难题。针对这两个难题，本课题试图利用臭氧化污泥处理技术来解决。利用臭氧的强氧化性对污泥进行破壁溶胞，污泥溶胞产物回流至活性污泥处理系统并被微生物所降解利用，以此实现污泥减量及碳源的回用。本课题研究内容包括：分析臭氧溶胞过程影响因素，考察臭氧对污泥性质的影响，研究臭氧溶胞效率并获取最佳臭氧投加量，评价溶胞产物作为碳源的可行性，以及设计臭氧化处理单元与活性污泥处理法联合工艺，并在小试的实际运行中考察污泥减量的效果和出水水质的变化。通过影响因素分析实验得知，对单位SS的COD溶出值的影响程度排序依次为：臭氧投加量、臭氧浓度、污泥浓度。臭氧和污泥的反应前期以臭氧对污泥进行破壁溶胞为主，后期臭氧氧化胞内溶出物质的反应将逐渐占据主导。C、N等溶解性组分前期增加较快，后期增速变缓或有所下降。在臭氧投加量0.020~0.098gO3/gSS时，SCOD、TCOD、TN以及NH4-N均增加较快。总磷随臭氧投加量的增加呈现线性增长，溶胞产物可生化性较好，污泥沉降性能明显改善。当以SCOD为溶胞效率评价指标时，0.080gO3/gSS为最佳臭氧投加量；当以蛋白质和多糖来评价时，0.054gO3/gSS为最佳臭氧投加量。通过对反硝化速率的研究可知，污泥溶胞产物作碳源的反硝化速率达到4.52mgN/gSS·h-1，几乎接近葡萄糖的反硝化速率（4.60mgN/gSS·h-1）。污泥溶胞产物作为碳源所对应的反硝化速率较高，污泥碳源品质较好。在臭氧化处理与活性污泥法联合工艺（OZONE-SBR）的实际运行中发现，除总磷外，SBR的其他出水水质指标未受到明显影响，两个臭氧投加量条件下有机物、N以及SS等污染物的去除率相比对照组有略微下降，但总体去除效果依然保持较好。较高投加量（0.080gO3/gSS）条件下SBR对各个污染物去除率普遍低于较低投加量（0.054gO3/gSS）的污染物去除率。水质方面的最大问题是总磷严重超标，两个臭氧投加量下的SBR出水总磷浓度分别为1.15和2.04mg/L，均达不到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918-2002）一级B的出水要求，需要考虑增设化学除磷的措施。在污泥减量效果方面，在0.054和0.080gO3/gSS两个臭氧投加量下试验组的污泥产量均较对照组有明显下降，SS减量率分别为36.5%和64.5%，VSS减量率分别达到41.4%和70.8%，表明污泥减量效果明显。关键词:臭氧；污泥减量；最佳臭氧投加量；SBR；碳源回用哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文-II-AbstractWiththeloadofsewageincreasingyearbyyearinChinaandtheactivatedsludgeprocesswidelyused,municipalwastewatertreatmentplantshaveseenexcesssludgebecameacommonchallengeforsewagetreatment.Atthesametime,carbonsourceshortageresultingfromlowstrengthwastewaterhasbecomeanothercommenproblemfacedbythemunicipalwastewatertreatmentplantsinChina.Thisessayattemptedtosolvethetwoproblems.Sudgereductionandcarbonreuseachievedinthewaythatozoneoxidizedescesssludgefirstlyandthenozonolysateofexcesssludgeretunedtobiologicaltank.Thisresearchanalyzedinfluencingfactorforozonationprocess,theimpactofozoneonthenatureoftheexcesssludge,theoptimumozonedosage,thefeasibilitystudyofozonolysateascarbonsource,anddesignandoperationofOZONE-SBRcombinedprocessfocusingonevaluatingsludgereductioneffectandimpactoneffluentquality.Accordingtotheinfluencingfactorexperiment，thedominantfactorforsolubleCODperSSisozonedosage；Ozoneconcentrationisthesecond;Sludgeconcentrationistheleast.Firstlyozonemainlyoxidizedthecellwall,andthenthereactionofozoneandozonolysatebecamethedomimatereaction.C,N,andothercomponentsincreasedrapidlyatearlystage,butshowedaslowdowngrowthoradeclineinlatestage.SCOD,TCOD,TNandNH4-Nallincrescedrapidlywhenozonedosagerangedfrom0.02to0.098gO3/gSS.TPpresentedalinearincrease.Theozonolysateindicatedgoodbiodegradabilityascarbonsource.Sludgesettlingperformanceimprovedsignificantly.ChoosingonlySCODorbothofproteinandpolysaccharidesasevaluationindicatorsresultedintwooptimumozonedosage,0.080gO3/gSSand0.054gO3/gSS,respectively.Thedenitrificatinexperimentshowedthatthedenitrificationrateofozonolysateis4.52mgN/gSS·h-1whichcouldalmostmatchthatofglucose.Thehighdenitrificationrateforozonolysateindicateditsgoodqualityasacarbonsource.Theeffluentquality,exceptTP,wasnotsignificantlyaffectedbyozonationintheoperationofOZONE-SBRcombinedprocess.Thoughthepollutantremovalratesundertheconditionsofthetwoozonedosagewereslightlylowerthanthatofthecontrol,thosestillmaintainedhighlevaloverall.Thepollutantremovalratesundertheozonedosageof0.080gO3/gSSwerelowerthanthatof0.054gO3/gSS.HighconsentrationofTPwasthemainproblemforeffluencequality.TheconsentrationofTPwere1.15and2.04mg/L,respectively,forthetowozonedosages,bothofwhichwereexceededstandardBofthefirstclassindischargestandardofpollutionsformunicipal哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文-III-wastewatertreatmentplant（GB18918-2002），whichresultedinrequirementforChemicalphosphorusremovalfacilities.Undertheozonedosgeof0.054gO3/gSScondition,SSandVSSreductionrateswere36.5%and41.4%,respectively.Undertheozonedosgeof0.080gO3/gSScondition,SSandVSSreductionrateswere64.5%and70.8%,respectively.Bothresultsindicatedthatthesludgereductioneffectswereobvious.Keywords:Ozone,Sludgereduction,optimumozonedosage,SBR,carbonreuse哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文-IV-目录摘要...............................................................................................................................IAbstract.............................................................................................................................II第1章绪论.................................................................................................................11.1课题背景................................................................................................................11.1.1污泥处理处置的现状................