主谓一致语法讲解

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语法基本概念单词实词:名词、动词、数词、代词、形容词、副词虚词:冠词、介词、连词、感叹词短语不定式短语、动名词短语、分词短语、介词短语、独立短语句子1.主语+谓语动词(不及物动词)Everyminutecounts.2.主语+谓语动词(及物动词)+宾语ThestudentsalllovetheirEnglishteacher.3.主语+系动词+表语Truthisthedaughteroftime.4.主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Heoftengiveshisseattoanoldperson.5.主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补语Theyconsideredthatadownrightlie.他们认为那是彻头彻尾的谎言。名词个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词个体名词通常作不可数名词fun,advice,weather,progress,information,bread,butter,baggage,clothing,equipment,furniture,homework,juice,luggage,luck,music,milk,meat,production,permission,practice,rubber,rice,soup,wealth,word(=news)特殊意义的名词复数papers文件,试卷,报纸,论文goods货物,商品glasses眼镜sands沙滩woods树林times时代arms武器looks外表works工产pains努力waters水域集体名词1.通常作不可数名词的集体名词Clothing衣服furniture家具baggage/luggage行李equipment设备traffic交通machinery机械produce产物这类集体名词的用法与不可数名词相当1)形式上总是单数,没有复数形式,作主语时,谓语用单数。如:Ourclothingprotectsusfromcold.衣服保护我们免受寒冷。2)不可直接与a(n)或数词连用,表数量时用much,little,some,apieceof,anarticleof等,如:Eachroomhasfourpiecesoffurniture.每间房有四件家具。3)若需用代词,用单数代词。如:Doyouwanttoseemyjewelry?Itisinthebox.你想看我的珠宝吗?它在我的箱子里。2.通常作复数的集体名词police警察cattle牛,家畜这些集体名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。Thepolicearelookingforhim.警察当局正在找他。3.即可作单数也可作复数的集体名词people人们,人民family家庭,家人team队public公众,人群audience听众group团体government政府这些集体名词当作一个整体,用作单数,且常常与定冠词the连用;若考虑构成这些集体的各个成员时,看作复数。Thefamilyareallfundoffootball.那一家人都喜欢足球。Thefamilyisthetiniestcellofthesociety.家庭是社会的最小的细胞。4.Acommittee,etc.of+复数名词如果主语是由“acommittee/panel/board...of+复数名词”构成,随后的动词通常用单数。如:Acommitteeofsixmenandfivewomenistoconsiderthematter.六男五女组成的委员会将考虑这个问题。例:Thepolice_____investigatingthemurdercase.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereNewmachinery_____introducedinthefactory.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereBC抽象名词的惯用法1)of+抽象名词=形容词,如:amanofability=anableman有能力的人2)of+great+抽象名词=very+形容词,如:Itisofgreatvalue.=Itisveryvaluable.这东西很贵重。3)of+no+抽象名词=not+形容词,如:Itisofnouse.=Itisnotuseful.以-s结尾的名词的数1.表示学科、游戏、疾病的名称以及像theUnitedStates这样的专有名词,用作单数。Physicsisthemotherofsciences.物理为一切学科之母。Statisticsisabranchofmathematics.统计学是数学的分支。Thestatisticsinthatreportareincorrect.那份报告里的统计数字不正确。2.表示衣物(如jeans,trousers,pants,pajamas),表示两部分构成的工具机械(如scissors,)glasses,binoculars,scales,spectacles),表示山脉、群岛、瀑布的专有名词,某些以-ings结尾的名词(earnings,savings,surroundings),表示某类东西的总称9如clothes)以及不表示学科的以-ics结尾的词(如politics),都用作复数。如:Myclothesaredirty.我的衣服脏了。Myearningsthisyeararenothalfofyours.我今年的收入不到你的一半。限定词与名词的搭配关系只接单数Each,every,either,neither,manya(n),sucha(n),whata(n)等只接复数Several,both,(a)few,acoupleof,anumberof等只接不可数名词(a)little,much,less,abitof,agreatdealof,alargeamountof等只接可数名词thefirst,thesecond,thelast,thenext等例:Thestatistics___thatlivingstandardsintheareahaveimproveddrasticallyinrecenttimes.A.provesB.isprovingC.areprovingD.proveD主谓一致语法讲解(语法一致、意义一致和就近原则)1.不定式、动名词以及从句作主语时应视为单数,谓语动词用单数形式;但如果主语为and连接的两个不定式、动名词以及从句时,谓语用复数形式。Readingoftenmeanslearning.ToreadEnglishaloudeverymorningdoesyoualotofgood.2.当主语由and连接,表示同一人、同一物或者同一概念时,谓语动词用单数,此时and连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。Theactorandsingerwaswellreceivedbytheaudience.3.由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each,every,manya(n),no时,谓语动词用单数。Eachbookand(each)paperisfoundinitsplace.4.each,every,eachandevery,either,neither,one,another,litter,alittle和much作主语或修饰主语时,谓语动词永远用单数。Eachofushasatape-recorder.注意:复数主语+each之后用复数动词Weeachhaveouradvantages.=Wehaveouradvantageseach.5.Everyone,everybody,everything,anyone,anybody,anything,someone,somebody,something,noone,nobody,nothing作主语时,用单数动词。Thereissomethingwrongwithmywatch.6.None,some,any,more,most,all等代词作主语时,动词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。Allisright.Allarepresent.7.“all,none,most,majority,part,enough,some,onehalf,therest,theremainder,aportion等+of...”短语,或者morethan...作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式通常由所修饰的名词、代词的数决定。Morethanonepersonisgoingtolosehisjob.Morethan500peoplearegoingtolosetheirjobs.8.当中心词为度量、距离、时间、价格等复数名词的时候,谓语动词采用单数形式。Twomilesisashortdistance.9.一般来说,不可数名词及可数名词的谓语用动词单数,可数名词复数的谓语用动词复数,但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。Twothousandtonsofcoalwereproducedlastyear.10.当主语后面跟有including,with,togetherwith,alongwith,like,inadditionto,aswellas,ratherthan,asmuchas,morethan,nolessthan,but,except,accompaniedby等连接的短语时,谓语动词不受这些词组的影响,与前面的主语一致。HeaswellasIwantstogoboating.11.在定语从句中,若引导词在从句中充当主语,谓语的数要跟先行词一致。Thereissomebodyherewhowantstotalktoyou.12.当or,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso连接两个以上主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here,there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。Eitheryouorsheistogo.Hereisapen,afewenvelopsandsomepaperforyou.Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.13.当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。14.“the+形容词”作主语,代表单数名词时用单词动词;如果意义指一类人,则应视为复数,谓语动词也应该用复数。Inmanystories,thegoodarewellrewardedandthebadaredoomedtounfortunate.15.疑问代词which作主语时,其动词是单数还是复数根据which所指的单复数而定;但who作主语时,即使被问者是复数,通常也用单数动词。Whichismorevaluable,healthorwealth?Whichareprettier,theseorthose?Whowantstocomewithme?--Wedo.1.AllthePresident’sMen_________oneoftheimportantbooksforhistorianswhostudytheWatergateScandal.A.remainB.remainsC.remainedD.isremaining2.Mr.Wells,togetherwithallthemembersofhisfamily,______forEuropethisafternoon.A.aretoleaveB.areleavingC.isleavingD.Leave3.Howcloseparentsaretotheirchildren______astronginfluenceonthecharacterofthechildren.A.haveB.hasC.havingD.tohave4.Itisfutile(徒劳无益的)todiscussthematterfurther,because_______goingtoagreeuponany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