介系词

介系词48-53一.介系词的受词1)名词/代名词的受格1.IwentshoppingwithMaryyesterday.2.ImetMarybychance,andIwentshoppingwithher.2)形容词作受词Thingswentrapidlyfrombadtoworse.事情迅速恶化3)副词作受词1.Howfarisitfromheretothebusstop?2.Ihaven’tseenhersincethen.4)动名词1.Mybrotherusedmycomputerwithoutaskingformypermission.2.I’mlookingforwardtoseeingyou.5)不定词,原形不定词用于but,except,as,then等后,仅在一些特殊句型中使用1.Theydidnothingbutplaycardsallday.原形不定词2.Iwouldratherstayathomethangoout.6)子句1.Thefutureofthisplanetdependsonwhetherwecanprotecttheenvironment.2.Mendifferfromanimalsinthattheycanusefire.differfrom…区别于…二.介系词的位置1)受词为疑问词时1.Who/Whomareyougoingwith?Withwhomareyougoing?2.Whatareyoutalkingabout?2)受词为关系子句时1.Thisistheriverwhich/thatIusedtoswimin.ThisistheriverinwhichIusedtoswim.2.TheyoungladywhomMomistalkingtoisourmusicteacher.TheyoungladytowhomMomistalkingisourmusicteacher.3)介系词及受词中有不定词1.Hehasmanyfriendstorelyon.2.Shehadsomethingparticulartowriteabout.写下什么writeaboutsth.4)被动语态时1.Allofuslookforwardtohissuccess.Hissuccessislookedforwardtobyallofus.2.Wehavetotakecareofthebaby.Thebabyhastobetakencareof.三.群体介系词片语形的介词1.Wehadtostayindoorsalldaybecauseofthestorm.=Wehadtostayindoorsalldaybecausetherewasastorm.2.Thankstoyouradvice,Iwasabletowinthegame.3.Hesenthisbrotherinsteadofgoinghimself.他派了他弟弟去,而不是自己去4.Hesavedthechildattheriskofhislife.冒着生命危险救了那个孩子5.Weexpressourthoughtsbymeansofwords.6.Ididmybestwithaviewtopleasingmyfather.=Ididmybestinordertopleasemyfather.7.Butforhisgoodeducationhewouldnothavegotthejob.8.Withall/foritsshortcomingsthisnovelisregardedasthebest.Inspiteofitsshortcomingsthisnovelisregardedasthebest.9.Weshallsolvethisproblembymeansoflawandeducation.10.Inadditiontomanyshopsandrestaurants,theseaporthasamuseum.11.Onaccountofdifferenceintaste,yourdesignsdonotsuitthismarket.12.Toloveforthesakeofbeingloveishuman.爱一个人由于被爱是壹个人的行为。13.Toloveforthesakeofbeinglovedishuman,buttoloveforthesakeoflovingisangelic.[æn'dʒelik]以爱还爱的是人性，但为爱而爱的是神性。总结accordingto~owingto~由于dueto~由于becauseof~asfor~至于asto~关于thanksto~butfor~若没有~的话insteadof~attheriskof~incaseof~infrontof~inspiteof~尽管withfor/all~尽管bymeansof~凭借,通过inadditionto~除了~onaccountof~由于.因为withaviewto~为了forthepurposeof~为了~的目的forthesakeof~由于~的缘故四.双重介系词两个介系词连用1.Hewaschosenfromamongthevolunteers.2.Shetookaboxfromunderthecounter.from表示从….Under表示counter的下面五.常用的介系词(1)表时间a)in年,月,季节,早上,下午,晚上in1998,inAugust,inspring,intheafternoon,intheeveningon特定的时间:星期某,那一天早上onSunday,onthemorningofOctober10,onmybirthdayat在~点~分,中午,午夜atnineo’clock,atdawn[dɔ:n],atsunset,atnight,atmidnightatwork,atschool,attheageof5b)until/till直到~,动作继续的期限until一个l,till两个lby直到~,动作完成的期限before在~之前1.I’mgoingtoworktillseventonight.一直做到2.I’llfinishtheworkbynoon.中午以前3.Ibegantoworkbeforeeightthismorning.八点以前c)from从(过去,现在,未来某时刻)起since从(过去某时刻)以来完成式after在~之后1.Theworkshouldtakeusfromfourtofivehours.估计花四五个钟头2.Hesaidthefloodsweretheworstsince1968.这是自1968年以来最严重的水灾3.Hecamehomeafterafewhours.d)in在~内某段时间那么长within在~内某段时间中的一刻1.Ihaveneverseensnowinmylife.2.Hewillbebackwithin/inaweek.e)for持续时间的长度,动作是断断续续的during在什么期间特定的时间,动作规律性的断续through整个期间从头到尾,动作是贯通的1.IhavelearnedEnglishforfiveyears.2.Iworkedattheshopduringtheholidays.3.Ihadtoworkthroughthenight.彻夜(2)表地点a)in在较宽敞之处,建筑物的内部on特定的面at在较狭小之处,某一特定地点intrainstation火车站内部attrainstation火车站的某一个你知我知的地点1.Theyaretakingastrollinthepark.公园内部2.Theplayersarepracticingonthefield.3.Hewaitedforthegirlatthedoor.门口那个特定的地方4.atthedesk在书桌前学习inthedesk抽屉里onthedesk书在书桌上b)for方向的目标to到某点toward朝着某方向1.TheyareleavingforNewYorktomorrow.2.Thedogwenttotheboy.狗走到男孩那里3.Thedogwenttowardtheboy.狗朝着男孩的方向去了c)along沿着~across横越(马路)through贯穿(公园)1.Wewalkedalongtheriver.2.Weswamacrosstheriver.游过河3.Wewalkedthroughthepark.Neverwalkthroughtheredlight.d)by在~旁前后左右任一beside在~旁左右其中之一near在~附近1.Shesatbythewindow.2.Isatbesideher.我坐在她旁边Isatbyher.我靠着她坐3.Helivesnearmyhouse.注意beside/besides1.Attheparty,therewereseveralgirlsbesideKelly.2.Attheparty,therewereseveralgirlsbesidesKelly.3.Attheparty,therewereseveralgirlsexceptKelly.exceptionn.例外noexception没有例外e)between两者之中among三者以上1.PetersatbetweenJaneandme.2.Hedisappearedamongthepeopleinthecrowed.botheither--Wouldyoulikecoffeeortea?--Eitherisok.allany--Wouldyoulikecoffee,teaororange?--Anywilldo.f)around/round围绕着about在~四周,~的附近口语中,常用around代替about1.Theearthmovesaround/roundthesun.2.Heglancedaboutandsawhiminconversationwithsomeone.3.Thechildrensatabout/aroundtheoldman.alltheyearround一整年round圆g)in在~之中(滞留状态)into在~之中(运动状态)outof从~之中(运动状态)onto在~之上(运动状态)1.Hewalkedintheroom.在房间中踱步Hewalkedintotheroom.进入房间2.Hewalkedoutoftheroom.走出房间3.ThecatjumpedontotheTVset.跳到TV上.ThecatjumpedontheTVset.在TV上蹦跶h)on接触off分离1.Heswitchedonthelight.开关闭合2.Heswitchedoffthelight.开关分离putontakeoff穿上,脱掉(和衣服接触,和衣服分离)i)before在~前infrontof在~前方behind在~后人,动物,建筑等after在~后行动的物体,顺序1.“B”comesbefore“C”inthealphabet.字母B在C前2.Wemetinfrontoftheschool.Thereisablackboardinthefrontoftheclassroom.前面部分3.Ihatedrivingbehindabus.4.Let’shaveagameoftennisafterschool.放学后注意onoffoverunderabovebelowon表示一样东西只接触另一样东西的部分表面above表示不接触而高于某表面,亦可用overover表示接触到某表面的全部-----选自初级文法最后一卷updownintooutofinfro