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句子成分一．定义定义构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分主要成分主语和谓语次要成分宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语二．八种成分的用法【主语】主语定义主语是一个句子所叙述的主体.主语位置一般位于句首.但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语为疑问词时）和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面哪些词可以作主语名词,代词,数词,不定式,动名词,名词化的形容词,短语,句子Thevillageisverybeautiful.（名词）Whoisspeaking,please?（电话中问对方是谁）（代词）Twowillbeenough.（数词）Totranslatethisidealintorealityneedshardwork.（不定式）Skatingisgoodexercise.（动名词）Theblindandthelamearewellcaredforinourcountry.（名词化的形容词）Howtodowellisanimportantquestion.（短语）Whathashappenedprovesthatourpolicyisright.（句子）【谓语】谓语定义谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态.动词在句中作谓语谓语位置一般放在主语之后.谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成.如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成.如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语构成.如：Wearestudents.【宾语】宾语定义宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者宾语位置一般位于及物动词和介词后面哪些词可以作宾语名词,代词,数词,名词化的形容词,不定式,动名词,动名词短语,句子Sheisdoingherhomeworknow.（名词）Ilikeitverymuch.（代词）Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（数词）Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名词化形容词）Helikestoplaybasketball.（不定式）Ilikeswimming.（动名词）Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.（动名词短语）Hetoldmethathewasateacherbefore.（句子）宾语种类（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补）例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.【定语】定语定义修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语定语位置被修饰的词前或后哪些词可以作定语名词,代词,名词或代词所有格,数词,形容词（限观形龄色国材）,分词,动名词,不定式,介词短语,句子可以作定语.Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名词）HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）HissonneedsTom’spen.（代词和名词所有格）Twoboysneedtwopens.（数词）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语）Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介词短语）Theboywhoistallismybrother.（句子）【状语】状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语状语位置句首,句中,句尾哪些词可以作状语名词,数词,形容词,副词,副词性词组,介词短语,不定式,分词,句子.Waitaminute.（名词）I’vedoneithundredsoftimes.（数词）Igothome,tiredandthirsty.（形容词）Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词）Generallyspeaking,whentakenaccordingtothedirections,themedicinehasnosideeffect.（副词性词组）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语）Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短语）Theycameoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.（现在分词）MrBlackcamebackdrunkthatnight.（过去分词）Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（句子）状语种类时间状语,地点状语,原因状语,条件状语,方式状语,比较状语,让步状语,目的状语,结果状语,伴随状语Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（时间状语）Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因状语）Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（条件状语）MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地点状语）Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式状语）Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴随状语）Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的状语）Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（结果状语）Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（让步状语）Iamtallerthanheis.（比较状语）【宾语补足语】宾语补足语定义英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整.这种宾语补语就是宾语补足语.宾语补足语位置带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）哪些词可以作宾语宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和句子充当HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名词）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容词）Letthefreshairin.（副词）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）Ihadmybikerepairedyesterday.（过去分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（句子）【表语】表语定义表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态表语位置它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后.哪些词可以作表语表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及句子表示OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）Isityours?（代词）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）Thespeechisexciting.（分词）Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（动名词）Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语）Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）【同位语】定义一个名词（其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明,这个词（或其它形式）就是同位语位置同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致,并常常紧挨在一起充当同位语的词名词,动名词,不定式,形容词,名词短语，动名词短语，不定式短语，介词短语，形容词短语直接引语,句子Mrwang,mychild’steacher,willbevisitingusonTuesday.（名词）I,theoldestgirlinthefamily,alwayshadtocarefortheotherchildren.（名词短语）Heenjoystheexercise,swimminginwinter.（动名词）Askinghimtojoinus,that’sagoodides.（动名词短语）Theiraspiration,tobecomefreeandindependent,isdeservingofeverykindofhelpfromus.（不定式）Thequestionwhattodonexthasn’tbeenconsidered.（不定式短语）Astheheadofthecompany,hehadtoexplainwhathadhappened.（介词短语）He,shortandthin,isunfitforthejob.（形容词）Allthecountries,bigorsmall,areequal.（形容词短语）Butnowthequestioncomestotheirminds,“Didshedieyoungbecauseshewasaclone?”（直接引语）ThegirlweresurprisedatthefactthatoceanshipscansailuptheGreatlakes.（句子）【大展身手】1.____willleaveforBeijing.A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow2.Theweather____.A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold3.Theappletasted____.A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter5.Theactor______attheageof70.A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.deaded6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis9.Thedog____mad.A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.WhereKeys：1-5CBDBB6-10ACBAB