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10 4 200412JournalofTianjinInstituteofUrbanConstruction Vol.10 No.4 Dec.2004刘雅巍,张春青,池勇志(,300384) :为了加快以上流式厌氧污泥床(UpflowAnaerobicSludgeBlanket,简称UASB)为代表的无载体厌氧反应器处理含难生物降解有机物废水的启动速度,综述了影响厌氧颗粒污泥形成的因素.此外,为了高效、快速地降解废水中的难生物降解有机物,建议向厌氧反应器中投加优势菌,以进一步提高厌氧反应器降解废水中难生物降解有机物的效率和速度. :;;;:X172 :A :1006-6853(2004)04-0263-03 ,、,,.,,(UASB)、(EGSB)(IC). UASB,:①,2～3,1[1];②,.,、.,.1 1.1 ,C∶N∶P200∶5∶1,.、、,[2].1.2 (COD),0.3kgCOD/(kgVSS·d),(),.0.6kgCOD/(kgVSS·d),,,COD0.6kgCOD/(kgVSS·d),[2].1.3 UASB,,,(SelectionPressure).().,,.:2004-09-15 :(20031003) :(1980-),,,.,,,.,,.Ritta2.5～3.0m/d,UASB[3].1.4 :;.pH(pH),.,,SMA(SpecificMethanogenicActivity,);,SMA.,(pH8.2,),;,SMA[4].1.5 ,,1/4～1/3,[5].1.6 (20℃)、(35℃)、(55℃).,,,.,pH(6.8～7.6)[5].2 UASB,.“”,,,,、.、,、. 、、、,.———,,.3 3.1 ,、,、[6]. [6],32d,COD470.3mg/L255.5mg/L,COD83.691.1,BOD5.3.2 ———,[5].3.2.1 投加无机絮凝剂或高聚物 [7]UASB,,7d、4. TsuyoshiImai[8],(waterabsorbingpolymer)(VFA)UASB,:750mg/L,70d,,. YuH.Q.[9]UASB,(Al3+300mg/L),UASB1,UASB10. RandallA.Wirtz[10](ASBR),,ASBR75. S.Uyanik[11]·264· 2004 10 4 (KymeneSLK-2)(ABR).,ABRABR,3,.3.2.2 投加细微颗粒物 [12]UASB,3～61.3.2.3 投加金属离子 YuH.Q.[13][14]UASB,:(ECP),,,.4 (1),、、、、pH,. (2)、,. (3),、,、. (4).:[1] ,UASB[J],2000,18(2):17-20.[2] ,,,.[M]:,2003.[3] RITTAHK,JUKKAAR.Performanceofanon-siteUASBreactortreatingleachateatlowtemperature[J].WaterResearch,1998,32(3):537-546.[4] ,,.UASB[J].,2002,18(8):13-15.[5] LIUY,XUHL,YANGSF,etal.Mechanismsandmodelsforanaerobicgranulationinupflowanaerobicsludgeblanketreactor[J].WaterResearch,2003,37:661-673.[6] ,,,.[J].,2003,30(3):56-59.[7] ,UASB[J],1996,(3):12-14.[8] ZMAIT,UKITAM,LIUJ,etal.AdvancedstartupofUASBreactorsbyaddingofwaterabsorbingpolymer[J].Wat.Sci.Tech.,1997,36(6～7):399-407.[9] YUHQ,FANGHHP,TAYJH,etal.Enhancedsludgegranulationinupflowanaerobicsludgeblanket(UASB)reactorsbyaluminumchloride[J].Chemosphere,2001,44:31-36.[10] WIRTZRA,DAGUERR.Laboratorystudiesonenhancementofgranulationintheanaerobicsequencingbatchreactor[J].Wat.Sci.Tech.,1997,36(4):279-286.[11] UYANIKS,SALLISPJ,ANDERSONGK.Theeffectofpolymeradditionongranulationinananaerobicbaffledreactor(ABR)[J].WaterResearch,2002,36:933-943.[12] .UASB[J].,1996,12(5):16-19.[13] YUHQ,TAYJH,FANGHHP.RolesofcalciuminsludgegranulationduringUASBreactorstart-up[J].Wat.Res.,2001,35(4):1052-1061.[14] ,,.UASB[J].,2002,18(6):26-28.(下转第291页)·265· :FEAforclampfittingsofGuangzhousubwaysBIJi-hong,LIUGang,LIULi-na,LIUFeng-tao(SchoolofConstructionEngineering,TianjinUniversity,Tianjin300072,China)Abstract:AccordingtotheprincipleofFEA,severalkindsofoverheadlineclampfittingsunderdifferentloadinelectrificationrailwayareanalyzedbyusingofANSYSprogram,andmaterialnonlinearandstatenonlinearareconsidered.Fromthecalculatingresult,someusefulconclusionsareconcluded,andreasonalizedsuggestionsareproposedintheperiodsofdesign,constructionandapplication.Keywords:finiteelementanalysis(FEA);ANSYS;materialnonlinear;statenonlinear(上接第265页)TechnologyadvanceonanaerobicgranularsludgeculturetotreatrefractorybiodegradableorganiccontaminantLIUYa-wei,ZHANGChun-qing,CHIYong-zhi(DepartmentofMunicipalandEnvironmentalEngineering,TIUC,Tianjin,300384,China)Abstract:Toquickenthestart-upspeedoftheanaerobicreactorwithoutcarrier,suchasUASB(upflowanaerobicsludgeblanket),whichwasusedtotreattherefractorybiodegradablewastewater,factorstoaffectthegranularsludgeculturewerereviewed.Furthermore,totreattherefractorybiodegradablewastewatermoreeffectivelyandquickly,theoptimalbacteriaisadvicedtobeusedintheUASBreactor,sotheanaerobicreactorcouldtreatrefractorybiodegradableorganiccontaminantintherefractorybiodegradablewastewatermoreefficientlyandrapidly.Keywords:anaerobicreactor;granularsludge;effectfactor;predominantbacteria·291· :