代明利1, 欧阳威1, 刘培斌2, 马晓波1, 刘 红1(1.北京师范大学环境科学研究所,北京100875;2.北京市水利科学研究所,北京100044) : 在官厅水库永定河入库口处进行了垂流式人工湿地对入库河水的净化试验,结果表明,在渗滤时间1h时垂流式人工湿地对河水就有较好的净化效果(对有机污染物和NH+4-N的去除率都能达到80%左右,对TN和TP的去除率为40%左右)。 : 水库入库水; 人工湿地; 脱氮除磷:X703.1 :A :1000-4602(2003)03-0004-04StudyonTreatmentofGuantingReservoirInflowonVerticalFlowConstructedWetlandsDAIMing-li1, OUYANGWei1, LIUPei-bin2, MAXiao-bo1, LIUHong1(1.ResearchInstituteofEnvironmentalScience,BeijingNormalUniversity,Beijing100875,China;2.BeijingCityWaterConservanceScienceInstitute,Beijing100044,China) Abstract: FieldexperimentwasmadeattheentranceofYongdingheRiverintotheGuantingReservoironthetreatmentofreservoirinflowwaterbytheverticalflowconstructedwetlands.Experimentaldataindicatedthatwhenhydraulicretentiontimeislessthanonehour,theverticalflowconstructedwetlandhasbetterpurifi-cationresultsonriverwater,thatis,theremovalrateoforganicsandNH+4-Ncanreachabout80%,andTNandTPabout40%. Keywords: reservoirinflowwater; constructedwetland; nitrogenandphosphorusremoval :(96-920-40-04)1 试验设计1.1 ,。1999,,。1。1 123456789101112(mm)52.171.8136.4242.1320.6310.3276.1238.9200.3159.880.651.4(℃)-7.8-2.45.815.522.62728.627.120.711.41.5-6.1(%)383943394455697062524943(℃)-6.6-2.53.612.118.422.824.723.410.72.2-4.5 : 。 Hazen[1],:·4· 2003Vol.19 CHINAWATER&WASTEWATER No.3()5h,。:50min,60min,50、60min。1.2 。,。,,。,73.32、76.8m2。,(0.6~1.2m,125.42m)(1)。。,3,。1 、,40cm,2、3;,20cm,15~20mm。2 (mm)0.250.05≤0.250.02≤0.050.002≤0.020.002(%)50.5713.7912.1212.1311.393 (mm)≥2.000.25≤2.000.05≤0.250.02≤0.05≤0.02(%)43.5048.311.242.024.931.3 4。4 TNTPJYULTIMA(ICP)CODBOD5WTWBODNH+4-NS12Hg、As、Cd、PbJYULTIMA(ICP)2 结果与讨论2.1 2001913—11101/,5。5 (℃)(m3/h)[m3/(m2·d)](cm)(m3/h)[m3/(m2·d)](cm)91318.50.530.17452.50.500.156121.592324.00.360.11862.70.590.184151.592822.00.350.11569.40.190.059165.510517.50.320.10586.980.310.0969172.0101516.00.280.091760%0.240.075070%102317.00.260.085175%0.220.068890%10280.240.07860.230.071911310.00.240.07860.200.062511106.00.300.09820.230.0719 : ① ,1028;② 14:00—16:00。2.2 ① CODBOD56、7。·5·2003Vol.19 No.36 COD(mg/L)(mg/L)(%)[m3/(m2·d)][g/(m2·d)](mg/L)(%)[m3/(m2·d)][g/(m2·d)]20.304.1079.800.1743.523.7281.670.1563.1727.824.5283.750.1183.285.2381.200.1845.1350.8832.0537.010.1155.8335.3430.540.0593.0228.724.1185.690.1053.014.3284.960.09692.7827.973.5087.490.09172.564.2284.910.07502.1036.4327.5024.510.08513.1031.9712.250.06882.5061.4925.7858.080.07864.8327.7954.800.07194.4276.6128.9462.220.07866.0220.8872.740.06254.7940.9029.0928.870.09824.0222.6144.710.07192.947 BOD5(mg/L)(mg/L)(%)[m3/(m2·d)][g/(m2·d)](mg/L)(%)[m3/(m2·d)][g/(m2·d)]3233.330.17350.5205166.670.15630.46886350.000.11780.7070183.330.18441.10634175.000.11460.4583175.000.05940.23755340.000.10470.5237340.000.09690.48441100.09170.0917100.07500.075011645.450.08510.9362645.450.06880.756621290.480.07861.6498290.480.07191.509447393.620.07863.6923393.620.06252.93757271.430.09820.6874357.150.07190.5031 6、7,COD;BOD5。② NH+4-N、TP、TN2、3、4。2 NH+4-N2,NH+4-N1.5~3.5mg/L(80%),。。3 TP3,TP0.05~0.25mg/L,ⅢⅠ、Ⅱ。TP,TP。·6·2003Vol.19 No.34 TN4,TN(3~17mg/L),,TN(8%~80%),,。3 结论① 1h、0.17~0.08m/d,。COD20~70mg/L,80%,Ⅲ(COD20mg/L);NH+4-N1.5~3.5mg/L,≥80%,0.5mg/L,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ。② ,,。③ ()。:[1] MichaelMorris,RobertHerbert.Thedesignandperformanceofaverticalflowreed-bedforthetreatmentofhighammoni-a,lowsuspendedsolidorganiceffluents[J].WatSciTech,1997,35(5):197-204.:(1977- ), , , , 。:(010)62205051E-mail:lh64@sina.com:2002-09-28··解决上向流滤池溢水问题的措施 1 存在的问题原设计的上向流滤池的自控系统采用Modicom系列PLC,根据16路模拟信号和64路开关量状态对8组滤池的24个电磁阀及空压机、排污泵等设备进行分级控制。但在实际运行中发现,自控系统或供电系统一旦出现问题,所有气动闸阀将全部处于关闭状态,随即滤池停运,此时仅2组沉淀池就有近2420m3的澄清水和流量为4000m3/h的原水将在短时间内涌入滤池配水渠(没有设计溢流),在配水渠气动提板闸和搅动流进水阀都关闭的情况下,人工关闭进水阀最快也需20min,这时滤池将出现大量溢水,进而造成连锁事故,甚至使整座水厂瘫痪。2 改进措施通过水厂变电站自动化系统计算机分析,造成多次高压跳闸的原因都是因工频电网发生频率瞬间不稳和电压、电流波形瞬间畸变所致。针对上述问题将低周和低电压动作时间在程序上做了必要的修正,这样就可以在保证安全供电的基础上大大地减少高压停电次数。将变电站的操作电源直接引至滤池控制室,通过逆变后供PLC备用,一旦发生停电,PLC就可在人工关闭DN1000进水阀的20min时间内维持滤池正常工作(保存在气压罐中的压力为0.6~0.73MPa,因泄漏量极小,故不会因空压机没有交流电而影响气动闸阀工作)。因为每组滤池均由一个气动提板闸、一个搅动流气动进水阀和一个反冲洗气动排水阀组成,而每个闸阀动作时所需的0.6~0.73MPa的压缩空气是由相应的电磁阀来控制。原设计只考虑了其本身的安全性而忽略了其他因素。如果能在生产系统出现问题时(自控本身除外),PLC将8组滤池的气动提板闸、搅动流气动阀和反冲洗气动排水阀的输出由原来的“000”改为“100”,也就是说气动提板闸除了在反冲洗时才由“1”变为“0”外,其他时间都维持在“1”(开启)状态,这样便解决了滤池在故障时的溢水现象,也避免了关闭阀门可能造成的更大危害。需要指出的是,上述措施是建立在自控系统具有热备份的情况下才能实现的。( )·7·2003Vol.19 No.3