垂直流人工湿地的设计及净化功能初探吴振斌

＊吴振斌　成水平＊＊　贺　锋　付贵萍　金建明　陈辉蓉(,430072)【】　,..CODCr、BOD5TSS53.6%、78.7%80.2%.、、99.4%、85.9%、89.7%97.7%.KN、NH+4-NTP39.2%、16.5%25.8%..NO-3-N,,.-,,.　　　-　　1001-9332(2002)06-0715-04　　X131.2,X171.4　　ADesignandpurificationperformanceofverticalflowconstructedwetland.WUZhenbin,CHENGShuiping,HEFeng,FUGuiping,JINJianming,CHENHuirong(StateKeyLaboratoryofFreshwaterEcologyandBiotechno-logy,InstituteofHydrobiology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Wuhan430072).-Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,2002,13(6):715～718.Thetechnicaldesignofsmall-scaleplots(SSPs)ofconstructedwetland(CW)wasdescribedalongwithdetailsofsomeassociatedwastewaterpurificationeffectsinwinter.Plotswerecomprisedoftwochambers.Onechamberinduceddownward-flow,whiletheothercreatedupward-flow.DuringOct.1997～Jan.1998,theaverageplotremovalratesforCODCr,BOD5andtotalsuspendedsolidswere53.6%,78.7%and80.2%,respectively.Reductionsofbacteria,totalcoliforms(TC),fecalcoliforms(FC)andalgaewere99.4%,85.9%,89.7%and97.7%,respectively.ThemeanremovalratesofKjeldahlnitrogen(KN),ammonium(NH+4-N)andtotalphosphorus(TP)were39.2%,16.5%and25.8%.Thetreatmenteffectswerenotsignificantlydifferentfromeachother.Concentrationsofnitrate(NO-3-N)ineffluentswerehigherthanthoseoftheinfluent,andnitrateconcentrationsintheeffluentsofplant-systemswerehigherthanthoseofthecontrol.ThisindicatedthatpresenceofmacrophytesenhancednitrificationintheCW.ThedownwardfollowedbyupwardflowCWperformedbetterinremovingcontaminantsandmicroorganismsfrompollutedsurfacewater.Itisanimprovedtechnologytopurifywaterqualityandrehabilitationofaquaticecosystems.Keywords　Constructedwetland,Verticalflow,Downflow-upflow,Wastewaterpurification.＊(39925007)、(ERBIC18-CT96-0059)(KSCX2-SW-102).＊＊.E-mail:[e-mail]2000-10-17,2000-12-18.1　　　,,,,,.,.,,,.,、.,.、、.2070,[5].、.、,、、.,[1,4].、,[6].-,,..　20026　13　6　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　CHINESEJOURNALOFAPPLIEDECOLOGY,Jun.2002,13(6)∶715～718DOI:10.13287/j.1001-9332.2002.01692　2.1　1m×1m×1m(1),12.1　Fig.1Structureofconstructedwetland.a)Upflowchamber,b)Downflowchamber.　　:15cm(40～80mm),(0～4mm),55cm,45cm.10cm.:.、,,,.1.1　Table1Compositionofmacrophytesinsmall-scaleplotsofconstructedwetlandPlotsDownflowchamberUpflowchamberP1PhragmitesaustralisSchoenoplectuslacustrisP2ZizanialatifoliaAcoruscalamusP3Miscanthussacchariflorus　ScirpussubulatusP4　ScirpustriqueterCarexsp.P5ZizaniacaducifloraSagittariatrifoliaP6(Control)P7TyphalatifoliaIrispseudacorusP8TyphaangustifoliaJuncuseffususP9CyperusalternifoliusIpomoeaaquaticaP10Coixlacryma-jobiAlternantheraphiloxeroidesP11EchinochloacolonumOenabthejavanicaP12EchinochloacrusgalliPolygonumhydropiper2.2　1,70mmPVC.,(6mm),,;“H”,,;-“H”.-,.,,;,,,.,2～4..,-、、、200mm·d-1.2.3　(),,.2.2　()＊Table2Waterqualityofinfluentinconstructedsemi-naturalwetland(averagevalue)　Index　Value　Index　Value12.4(5～23.2)2.70(1.06)Temperature(℃)KN(mg·L-1)pH7.3(0.4)NH+4-N(mg·L-1)1.64(1.20)ORP(mv)51(13.2)NO-3-N(mg·L-1)0.103(0.041)Conductivity531(26.4)PTP0.206(0.098)(μs·cm-1)(mg·L-1)DO(mg·L-1)8.9(4.9)PIP(mg·L-1)0.023(0.017)64.5(19.7)1.6(1.4)×107CODCr(mg·L-1)Bacteria(ind·ml-1)14.5(5.0)Totalcoliform20.5(11.8)BOD5(mg·L-1)(MPN·100ml-1)20.5(11.8)Fecalcoliform2.0(2.0)×106TSS(mg·L-1)(MPN·100ml-1)Algae(ind.·ml-1)4.8(0.2)×105＊()Thevalueinbracketisstandarddeviation(Temperatureisspectrum).2.4　199710～19981,.,.1)、、、pH(ColeParmer60648、pH)、(UC-12);2)()、()、();3)P()、P()、N、N()、();4)()、、(),().《》[3].3　3.1　1997922、(1).,;11,,P1、、P4　、P8、P11.、　、19981,.,,,.3.2　、、、pH、19971023～1998115,716　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　13、、、pH、9,2.2　Fig.2Physico-chemicalcharacteristicoftheinfluentandeffluentsinSSPs.　　.0℃,5℃,.,.2,(P6),,;,.,P5～P12,、..(P0.05).O2,[2].P1～P4,,P1～P4,4.pH7.9～8.6,,pH(P1),.[2].,、.3.3　、199710～19981,CODCr、BOD5TSS()5,3.3　CODCr、BOD5TSSFig.3ConcentrationsofCODCr,BOD5andTSSininfluentandeffluentsofSSPs.4　N、PFig.4ConcentrationsofnitrogenandphosphorusofinfluentandeffluentsinSSPs.Ⅰ.TP,Ⅱ.IP,Ⅲ.KN,Ⅳ.NH+4-N,Ⅴ.NO-3-N.　　3,CODCr、BOD5TSS,53.6%、78.7%80.2%.TSS,7176　　　　　　　　　　　　　:　　　　　　　　(P0.05).,,.CODCr21.9～29.4mg·L-1,25mg·L-1,V(GB3838-83);BOD53mg·L-1,Ⅰ;TSS,.,、.3.4　N、P4(P1、P4、P8P11)(P6),N、P.　　KN、NH+4-NTP:39.2%、16.5%25.8%..KN2.67mg·L-1,KN0.876～1.27mg·L-1,Ⅲ;TP0.2mg·L-1,Ⅲ～Ⅳ.,,N、P,.(IP),(P6),P、,.IP,P.NO-3-N,,,.3　(%)＊Table3PerformancesofremovingmicroorganismsinSSPs(removalrates%)Plots　BacteriaTotalcoliformFecalcoliform　AlgaeP197.8(2.7)93.6(6.0)96.7(4.0)98.3(0.2)P299.4(0.5)97.3(1.9)96.0(3.6)98.6(0.4)P399.6(0.2)90.5(7.2)94.9(3.8)98.3(0.4)P499.1(0.8)94.5(7.6)92.3(9.5)98.0(0.3)P599.4(0.4)76.8(20.5)95.6(4.0)96.8(0.1)P699.6(0.3)92.5(7.5)93.1(6.8)97.9(0.6)P799.3(0.6)73.2(19.6)88.4(7.8)98.1(1.0)P899.7(0.2)63.5(15.8)78.2(13.5)96.4(0.8)P999.8(0.2)85.3(14.9)81.1(17.3)95.1(1.8)P1099.6(0.3)81.8(13.8)81.6(16.6)98.5(1.1)P1199.9(0.1)93.3(7.6)94.4(7.5)98.6(0.7)P1299.5(0.3)88.7(9.3)84.4(17.6)97.3(1.7)＊Thevalueinbracketisstandarddeviation.3.5　,、、.3,、、99.4%、85.9%、89.7%97.7%.(P0.05).4　　　4.1　,-、,N、P,..4.2　,,,,.,、　、19981,,.4.3　,.　,、、、、、、,!1　BrixH.1994.Useofconstructedwetlandsinwaterpollutioncontrol:Historicaldevelopment,presentstatus,andfutureperspectives.WaterSciTech,30(8):209～2232　ChengS-P(),XiaY-C().199