垂直流人工湿地内水流流态分析范立维

＊1,2,3,　1(1福建农林大学资源与环境学院,福建　福州　350002;2福建农林大学材料工程学院,福建　福州　350002;3北京化工大学环境科学与工程技术中心,北京　100029)　:,(RTD)。;,,;,,。:;;;AnalysisoftheWaterFlowPatternsintheVerticalFlowConstructedWetlands＊FANLi-wei1,LUZe-xiang2,HAIRe-ti3,TENGHang1(1CollegeofEnvironmentalandResourceSciences,FujianAgricultureandForestryUniversity,FujianFuzhou350002;2CollegeofMaterialEngineering,FujianAgricultureandForestryUniversity,FujianFuzhou350002;3CenterofEnvironmentalScienceandTechnology,BeijingUniversityofChemicalTechnology,Beijing100029,China)Abstract:Thewaterflowpatternsintheverticalflowconstructedwetlandswereanalyzedwithdifferentheightofwa-teroutlet,basedonthetracerexperimentbyusingthetheoryoftheresidenttimedistribution(RDT).Theresultsindica-tedthattheactualflowpatternwasbetweentheidealplugflowandcontinuousstirredflow.Themaindifferenceoftheflowpatternunderdifferentheightofwateroutletwasthemeanresidenttimeandthedifferenceofthedispersioncanbeneglec-ted.Whenthewateroutletwashigher,themeanresidenttimewaslonger,andthiswasfavorabletothedegradationofthepollutantsintheverticalflowconstructedwetland.Keywords:wateroutlet;verticalflowconstructedwetland;residenttimedistribution;flowpattern　　　　　　　　　　　　　＊:(2009J05018)。:(1980-),,,,,。E-mail:[e-mail]:。、、,[1-4]。,。,[5-11]。,、[12-22]。,,。,(RTD),。1　1.1　1.0m、0.5m0.8m。1。0.25m3,500mm,0.320。1　Fig.1　Fillerpackedintheverticalflowconstructedwetland,2(a)。40mm。2,。5,,2(b)。·160·201038112　Fig.2　Distributionandcollectionsystemoftheverticalflowconstructedwetland1.2　。(KCl),。10～40min,。2　2.1　,(F)[5-6,10,18]。,620mm/d1034mm/d,(h),3。(a)F=620mm/d(b)F=1034mm/d3　Fig.3　RTDsintheverticalflowconstructedwetlandswithdifferentheightofwateroutlet3,,;。3,,,。(t)[16-17,20,23],3(a)(b),(th=25th=0,th=35th=0)。3,,,。。2.2　,()[5-6,24]。(t)。,t(1)。(σ2t),。(2)。t=∑∞0tC(t)Δt∑∞0C(t)Δt(1)σ2t=∑∞0t2C(t)Δt∑∞0C(t)Δt-(t)2(2),t();C(t);Δt。,(3)(4)tσ2t,(tθ)(σ2θ)[25-26]。tθ=ttn(3)σ2θ=σ2tt2(4)tn=nVQ(5),tn,(5);n;V;Q。,620mm/d1034mm/d,1。·161·201038111　Table1　QuantitativeParametersfortheRTDsintheverticalflowconstructedwetlandswithdifferentheightofwateroutletF/(mm/d)tn/minh/cmt/mintθσ2θ620320031.9470.1000.42025182.6130.5710.41935208.9020.6530.3461034192023.9350.1250.60025124.4480.6480.32935107.9250.5620.382　　1,0.329≤σ2θ≤0.600,0～1,(σ2θ=0)(σ2θ=1)。1,620mm/d,σ2θh=0、σ2θh=25σ2θh=350.420、0.4190.346,0.074;tθh=0、tθh=25tθh=350.100、0.5710.653,0.553。1034mm/d,0.271;0.523。,,,。,。,,。1,(h=0),(tF=620=31.947min,tF=1034=21.935min),tn10.0%12.5%(tθ0.1000.125);(h=25mm),(tF=620=182.613min,tF=1034=124.448min),tn57.1%64.8%(tθ0.5710.648);(h=35mm),(tF=620=208.902min,tF=1034=107.925min),tn65.3%56.2%(tθ0.6530.562)。,,(tθh=25tθh=0,tθh=35tθh=0),。,(F=620mm/d),(h035mm,tθ0.1000.653);(F=1034mm/d),(h025mm,tθ0.1250.648)(h25mm25mm,tθ0.6480.562)。,,“”();h=0,“”,,h=25mmh=35mm,,,“”,,。“”,,,“”,。,,,,。3　　(1)。(2),,。(3),,。[1]　ChenTY,KaoCM,YehTY,etal.Applicationofaconstructedwet-landforindustrialwastewatertreatment:Apilot-scalestudy[J].Chemosphere,2006,64(3):497-502.[2]　,.-[J].,1996,19(2):1-8.[3]　,,.[J].,2003,22(2):49-55.[4]　KivaisiAK.Thepotentialforconstructedwetlandsforwastewatertreat-mentandreuseindevelopingcountries:areview[J].EcologicalEngi-neering,2001,16:545-560.[5]　,,,.[J].,2001,21(6):720-725.[6]　,,,.[J].,2001,21(6):535-539.[7]　FanLW,HaiRT,WangWX,etal.Applicationofcomputationalfluiddynamictomodelthehydraulicperformanceofsubsurfaceflowwetlands[J].JournalofEnvironmentalScience,2008,20(12):1415-1422.[8]　,,,.[J].,2001,22(5):45-49.[9]　.[J].,1991,4(5):8-12.[10],,,.[J].,2002,23(4):76-80.[11],,.[J].,2009,32(6):195-200,248.[12]GarciaJ,VivarJ.Roleofhydraulicretentiontimeandgranularmedimuninmicrobialremovalintertiarytreatmentreedbeds[J].WaterRe-search,2003,37:2645-2653.[13],,.CFD[J].,2007,58(12):3024-3032.[14]GarciaJ,ChivaJ.Hydraulicbehaviorofhorizontalsubsurfaceflowcon-structedwetlandswithdifferentaspectratioandgranularmediumsize[J].EcologicalEngineering,2004,23:177-187.[15]WilliamES,TammoSS,ParlangeJY,etal.Hydraulicconductivityofgravelandsandassubstratesinrock-reedfilters[J].EcologicalEngi-neering,1995,4(4):321-336.[16]SulimanF,FutsaetherC,OxaalU,etal.Effectoftheinletoutletposi-tionsonthehydraulicperformanceofhorizontalsubsurface-flowwet-landsconstructedwithheterogeneousporousmedia[J].JournalofCon-taminantHydrology,2006,87(1-2):22-36.(下转第216页)·162·20103811,,。(2),“----”,,,,。,,。,,、,,,、、、。,。,,,,。(3),。2007,(),,。2008,,。,、,。(,)。,“”,,,,,,,,。3　,,。,,,。,,。,,,/,。4　　“--”,,,,。,,,。[1]　.[J].,2007,9(2):76-77.[2]　,.[J].,2009,25(23):176-177.(上接第162页)[17]SulimanF,FutsaetherC,OxaalU.Hydraulicperformanceofhorizontalsubsurfaceflowconstructedwetlandsfordifferentstrategiesoffillingthefiltermediumintothefilterbasin.EcologicalEngineering,2007,29(1):45-55[18],,.[J].,2003,33(3):359-362.[19],,.[J].,2004,15(7):1289-129.[20].[J].,1997,6:50-52.[21],,,.[J].,2010,32(3):64-66,70.[22]AlexandrosI.S,VassiliosA.T.Effectofoutletwaterlevelraisingandeffluentrecirculationonremovalefficiencyofpilot-scale,horizontalsubsurfaceflowconstructedwetlands[J].Desalination,2009,248:961-976.[23]GrahamA.J,MargaretG.Thehydraulicefficiencyoffringingversusbandedvegetationinconstr