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1998,18(4):319～323 ChinaEnvironmentalScience＊ (,210018) (,210048) ,,,。,NH3-N,,,。。 Practiceandmechanismofammonium-nitrogenremovalbyroughingfiltrationandslow-sandfiltrationprocess.LuXi-wu,MaChun(DepartmentofEnvironmentalEngineering,SoutheastUniversity,Nanjing210018);ChenJun(YangziPetro-chemicalCorporationWaterPlant,ChinaPetrochemicalCorporation,Nanjing210048).ChinaEnvironmentalSci-ence.1998,18(4):319～323Abstract—Tofindaneffectiveprocessofimprovingdrinkingwaterqualityinruralarea,itwasmadetoinvestigateintotheprocessofroughingfiltrationandslow-sandfiltration.Thispaperpresentedthemechanismofammonium-nitrogenremovalandtherelationshipbetweenremovalefficiencyanddissolvedoxygen;alsoputforwardamethodofdeterminingtheoxygendemand.Theresultsindicatethatroughingfiltrationandslow-sandfiltrationcanremoveNH3-Neffectively;DOaffectstherateofNH3-Nremoval;andmeanwhile,HRTandwatertemperaturehaveslightinfluenceonpracticalprocess.Thisprocessisapreferablechoiceforcountrysidewatertreatmentplants.Keywords:roughingfiltration slow-sandfiltration ammonium-nitrogen watersupply countrysidewaterplant ,。。,。,,,,。,。、、、,。,。1 ,,(),。,,—,。,,,。,1mgNH3-NNO-3-N4.57mg。2%〔1〕,。,BOD5,。BOD5∶N=100∶5,0.05■BOD5。,:1997-09-02＊:4.57×(1-0.02)×[■NH3-N-0.05■BOD5](1):4.57×(1-0.02)×[■NH3-N-0.05■BOD5]+■BOD5(2):■NH3-N;■BOD5BOD5。,,,,。,,(2)。2 2.1 。,30cm,,1m,0.7m10～20mm。,,。30cm,(,5～10mm)。0.6m,0.3～0.8mm,,。2.2 ,19951。,NH3-N,,。1 Table1 MonitoringdataofqualityofChangjiangRiver'swater ()112 38～1174CODMn(mg/L)4.1 2.3～7.9(mg/L)0.280.15～1.06(mg/L)0.005 0～0.023DO(mg/L)7.3 4.9～10.23 3.1 10d,;,3,30%;,;780%～95%,0.00～0.13mg/L。1,。,,()。1 Fig.1 VariationofconcentrationsofNH3-Nwithrunningtime 1,(20～30℃),(2),,。,5〔2〕。2 Table2 Variationofgenerationperiodandgrowthrateofnitrobacterwithdifferenttemperature(℃)(%/d)(d)101010.0 15135.520333.025601.73.2 3,22.5～30℃,5.7～6.8mg/L,。 3,300min140min,90%320 1885.2%,53%,5.3%,,;80min,78.3%,,。,10,4h。,。3 Table3 InfluenceofHRTinroughingfiltrationontherateofremovingNH3-N(min)NH3-N(mg/L)NH3-N(mg/L)NH3-N(mg/L)(%)3000.750.53～0.890.1020.08～0.120.0750.00～0.108902000.710.62～0.850.1160.09～0.160.0970.00～0.1386.31400.690.57～0.910.120.08～0.160.1020.06～0.1385.2800.7260.49～0.980.1950.09～0.270.1410.05～0.18978.33.3 ,,。,,,,,,(),。2 DOFig.2 VariationofDOconcentrationwiththelengthofroughingfilter3 NH3-NFig.3 VariationofNH3-Nconcentrationwiththelengthofroughingfilter ,(,)。2,3,4。4NO-2-NFig.4 VariationofNO-2-Nconcentrationwiththelengthofroughingfilter 1.5mg/L(3),DO6.1mg/L(2)。,DO,60cmDO1.4mg/L,0.8mg/L(2),0.510.45mg/L(3);NO-2-N0.04750.116mg/L(4)。,,60cm,DO,;NO-2-N,(4)。DO,,NO-3-N。。DO,,NO-2-NNO-3-N。3214 : 3.4 1,,,4。4,,。4 NH3-N(HRT=5h)Table4 InfluenceofwatertemperatureontherateofremovingNH3-N(HRT=5h)(℃)NH3-N(mg/L)NH3-N(mg/L)(%)8～120.620.40～0.960.0750.0～0.1287.515～200.740.62～0.890.0910.0～0.1386.325～320.670.42～0.900.0760.0～0.1688.6 ,,,4。:(1)、(2～30℃,5～40℃,-4℃〔3〕),,,、。(2),DO。(3)。,20℃,2h,NH3-N80%(3)。4HRT5h()。,。,(),。3.5 ,。30cm,60cm,0.2m/h。,,。5。 5,0.14～0.32mg/L,0.00～0.06mg/L,100%,,〔4〕。3.6 ,。,6～8mg/L(,,)。DO1mg/L,4mg/L,(■DO)3mg/L,1mg/L,10mg/L。(2)1mg/L,5mg/L,。,,30%～50%。,4～5h,。5 Table5 ResultsofremovingNH3-NbyslowfiltrationNH3-N(mg/L)NH3-N(mg/L)(%)0.320.0584.40.250.001000.190.0289.50.140.001000.170.001000.300.0680.04 。4～5h,85%,。(322 18)。,10mg/L;1mg/L,5mg/L,,30%～50%。1 WinklerMA.Biologicaltreatmentofwastewater.Chichester:EllisHorwoodPublishers,1981.226～2362 ,..,1988,7(1):13～163 ,,..:,19834 , , ..,1997.10(23):21～23 ,19549。,。、、、。,、“·”、,1。30,3。20 (LoveCanal),70,。。,25。20。Hooker()、,22,000t。1953Hooker1,,。1978,。1980。1,000500。,。3,。。 《Chem.&Eng.News》,May4,13(1998)HOx (NASA)ER-2,OHHO2(HOx),,PaulOWennberg〔Science,279,49(1998)〕。ER-219951019968,HOx,HOx。HOxO3,NO。“O3。”,NO“”。 《C&EN》,January5,26(1998)3234 :