淡水养殖环境中氨氧化微生物的研究进展黄晓丽

Vol.30No.1Feb.2017CHINESEJOURNALOFFISHERIES、。。。。。。。。。、、、、。AResearchProgressofAmmonia-oxidizingMicroorganismsinFreshwaterAquacultureAReviewHUANGXiao-li,CHENZhong-xiang,TANGShi-zhang,WUSongHeilongjiangRiverFisheriesResearchInstitute,ChineseAcademyofFisherySciences,Harbin150070,ChinaAbstract:Therapiddevelopmentofintensiveaquaculturebearsrisksofenvironmentalissuessuchasanthropogenicnitrogenpollu-tion.Inthepastdecade,someprogresshasbeenmadeonthenitrogencycleinaquaculture,diversityandmechanismsofnitrifyingmi-croorganisms,andanaerobicammoniaoxidationanammoxprocessandmechanisms.Inthispaperwereviewtheavailableknowl-edgeconcerningtheresearchprogressinnitrifyingmicroorganismsinfreshwateraquacultureinChina,andbrieflyintroducethere-searchesonanammoxbacteriainfreshwateraquacultureenvironmentandthenpresentthefutureperspectivesonthisresearchfield.Thefollowingareasaresuggestedtobefocusedon:1tocarryoninvestigationsonthespatial-temporalvariationsinnitrificationpro-cessesandnitrifyingmicroorganismsinfreshwaterfisherywatersandaffectingfactors;2tosearchfortheprocessesandmechanismsofammonia-oxidizingmicroorganismsandothernitrogentransformationmicroorganisms;3tofindouteachprocessofnitrogency-cle,andtobuildmodelstopredictnitrogentransformationandbalanceinaquacultureponds.Thesestudiesareexpectedtoprovidesci-entificbasisfornitrogencycletheoryandnitrogenpollutioncontrolinaquaculturepondecosystems.Keywords:freshwateraquacultureenvironment;Ncycle;ammoniaoxidizingmicroorganism;anammox;culturepond。、、、、。。。1.1。。amoAamoA。—amoA。。、、、、。。Litopenaeusvannamei。Megalobramaamblycephala、Ctenopharyn－godonidellusamoA。。、。amoA。、amoA、、。1.2。βγ。β。Ni－trosomonas、Nitrosospira、Nitrosolobus、NitrosovibrioNitrosococcus。、。Nitro－somonas。NitrosomonasNitrosospira。。Crenarchaeota、Euryarchaeota、Korarchaeota、Nanoarchaeota。、、。。NitrososphaeraNi－trosopumilus。Nitrosopumilus。。1.3。。。··。、amoA、amoA。、、。。、、、。。。。。。。、、、、、、、。。、。××·。、。、。Brocadia、Kuenenia、Anammoxoglobus、JetteniaScalindua。。Scalindua。、、、Broca－dia、Kuenenia、JetteniaScalindua。Scalindua、Brocadia、Kuenenia。Bro－cadiaanammoxidansBrocadia。。。Brocadia、KueneniaAnammoxoglobusBrocadia。Jetteniagenera。。、、。、、。。。。、。··、。、。。。、amoA———··Eichhorniacrassipes、、———··