氮氧化物的生物治理技术徐静

215200810POLLUTIONCONTROLTECHNOLOGYVol.21,No.5Oct.,2008　,　(青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院,山东　青岛　266033)　:,,。:;;;:X171;X506　　　:ATheBiologicalTreatmentTechnologyofNitrogenOxideXUJing,　LIUZhi-fei(SchoolofEnvironmentalandMunicipalEngineering,QingdaoTechnologicalUniversity,Qingdao,Shandong266033,China)Abstract:Theremovingprinciplesofnitrogenoxidesbybiologicalmethodandthespeciesofdenitrifyingbacteriaaredepicted.Theprogressofnitrogenoxidesremovingwithmicroorganismsisintroducedathomeandabroad.Finally,theexistingprobleminthebiologicaltreatmenttechnologyofnitrogenoxideandthetrendofdevelopmentinfuturearepropouded.Keywords:nitrogenoxide;biologicaltreatmenttechnology;nitration;denitrification:2008-09-09;:2008-09-16:　(1983—),,,,,。　(NOx),、,,。,、。,2000NOx1500t,70%,NOx[1]。,,NOx。,2010,NOx2194t[1]。,NOx。,、、、、、,,、、、,,。1　NOxNOxNOx,,NOx,,NOx,,NOx。NOx、。1.1　反硝化机理及相应的脱氮菌。,NO-3、NO-2、NO,,,NO、NO-3、NO-2N2,ATP。,H2、H2S、S、S2O2-4,NO、NO-3、NO-2,,NO、NO-3、NO-2N2。NOx200810　.·51　　　·:NO+e氧化氮还原酶N22NO2+H2O———HNO3+HNO23HNO2———HNO3+HNO2NO-3+e硝酸盐还原酶NO-2+e亚硝酸盐还原酶NO+e氧化氮还原酶N2,。,、。,(Achromobacter)、(Al-caligebes)、(Bacillus)、(Chro-mobacterium)、(Corynebacrerium)、(Halobacterium)、(Hyphomicrobium)、(Micrococcus)、(Moraxella)、(Propionibaeterium)、(Pseudomonas)、(Spirillum)、(Xanthomonas),NOx,(Thiobacillus)(T.denitrificans)。1.2　硝化机理及相应的脱氮菌NOx,。,CO2,NH+4。,。(Nitro-somonas);(Nitrobacter),NO※NO-2※NO-3。(Nitros-monas)、(Nitrosococcus)、(Nitrosospim)(Nitrosolobus)。NO-2NO-3,(Nitrobacter)、(Nitrospina)、(Nitrosococcus)(Nitmspim)。1.3　真菌净化NOx的机理及相应的脱氮菌:,:N2;N2O,N2O[2]。,Fusariumsolani、CylindrocarpontonkineseChaetomiumspN2[3],N2。,pH3～5。,,Aspergillussp、Alternar-iasp、F.solani、Fusariumverticillioides、Fusariumdi-merumFusariumjavanicum[4]。2　2.1　反硝化治理NOx废气NOx,(IdahoNationalEngineeringLaborato-ry)NOx[5]。100～400mg/m3NOx,102mm、915mm,(Pseudomonasdenitrificans),,3～4d(),1min,NO335mg/m3,NO99%。30～45℃,pH6.5～8.5。,、、、、。[6],NOx,NO299%,NO90%。30～45℃,NO(50～500mg/m3),,NO。[7],NOx。105mm,1000mm,。280mm,2.42L。100h-1,1L/m3,NOx0.1%～0.3%,NOx60%～85%。pH、NO-3。pH7.0～8.2,pH7.5,NOx。NO-31.12g/L,NOx。NOx,3.0%～3.9%,,、、。[8]·52　　　·　.215(,O23.167%、NOx0.253%)NOx,,,,2～5mg/m30.5mg/m3,。[9](Thiobacillusdenitrificans),,1.5m3/h,96.1%。[10]10,,NON2,t=3.8min,NO90%,t=7.5min,NO96%。Apel、BradyDLee、ChrisA、DuPlessis、Jo-ni,。Apel[11],,2min、NO500×10-6、3%,NO,NO90%。5%,NO250×10-6,NO40%～45%。BradyDLee[12]NO,55℃、13s、NO500×10-6,NO50%,2%,NO10%～20%。ChrisA、DuPlessis[13],,NO60×10-6、O217%、3min,,NO15×10-6。,97%NO。,,,,,,。,,,O2,;,,。Joni[14]NO。76mm、300mm,1L,15%(),。NO134～670mg/m3NO,pHNO,pH6～7,。,NO。,NO670mg/m3、1L/min,NO90%。2.2　硝化过程处理NOxNOx,[8],,NO,107mg/m3、12～13min,70%。、ChouLin,[15],,,,3.5min,NO,NO66.97～267.86mg/m3,NO41%52%。NO。ChouLin[16],,、、KH2P5O2(NH4)2CO3,NO,NO892×10-6～1237×10-6,118s,NO80%。,,,NO90%NO-3。,NO,,ρ(C)∶ρ(P)∶ρ(N)7∶1∶30,ρ(NaHCO3)∶ρ(NO-N)6.3∶1。[17]10,NO,NO,(N/)0.83g/(kg·d),。NO0～600mg/m3,NO1.5min,NO77%;NO15min,NO91%。。()30.4%～31.7%,NO200810　.·53　　　·。Davidova、Kyurg-NaqnMin、Okuno。Davidova[18],,NH4ClKH2P5O2,NO80×10-6,70%NO。,。Kyurg-NaqnMin[19],,NO100×10-6,1.9s,12kPa,NO74%。(15%CO2、5%O2、75%N2100×10-6NO),20～55℃,NO70%,。NaHCO3,,。Okuno[20],NO2.1mg/m3、EBRT2min,NO60%。2.3　真菌处理NOxNOx,Woertz[21]。Woertz,NO,,ρ()∶ρ(NO-N)=14∶1,,335mg/m3,1min,NO93%。NO(93%)O2(2%),O2,,NOO2。3　2080,,,,:(1),,,;(2),,,;(3),,;(4),NO;(5),。,,:(1),、,,;(2),,;(3),,;(4),,,。[][1]　　.NOx[A].[C].:[s.n.],2000.[2]　,　,　,.[J].,2004,30(121):15-18.[3]　　,.[J].,2000,24(11):3-5.[4]　SorialGA,SmithFL,SuidanMT,etal.EvaluationofaTrickleBedBiofilterMediafortoLueneRemoval[J].JoUrnalAirandWasteManagementAssociation,1995,45∶801-810.[5]　CHENJianmeng,CHENJun,LanceHershman,etal.Auto-trophicBiofiltersforOxidationofNitrcOxide[J].ChineseJournalofChemicalEngineering,2004,12(1):113-117.[6]　,,.[J].,1999,3:34-37.[7]　　,,,.NO[J].,2003,21(2):37-41.[8]　,.[J].,1999,5:61-63.[9]　.[A].[C].[s.1.]:[s.n.],[].558-561.[10]　　.NO[D].:,2002.[11]　Sa/nda/nG.MicrobesNoshonNOinFlueGas[J].ChemicalEnginering,1993,100(10):25-26.[12]　　,　,.[J].,2004,24():154-156.[13]　,,.NO2[J].,2002,3(9)∶59-62.[14]　JoniMB,WilliamAA,KarenBB.RemovalofNitrogenOxidesfromGasStreamsUsingBiofiltration[J].JournalofHazaId0usMaterials,1995,41:315-326.(下转第102页)·102　　·.215,();(2)。(、、),,。,,、,。。,。,,。3　,,,,。3.1　测点位置的选择(1),1m,1.2m,,。,。(2),1m;,。,。(3),,,。3.2　测量值(1),3dB(A),1min;,;、,。(2),20min;8h。3.3　标准的适用GB12348—90《》[1],,,。GB12523—90《》[2],,,,。,。,,,,,,,,GB3096—93《》[3],。,,,,,,;,“,”,,,,。[][1]　GB12348—90,[S].[2]　GB12523—90,[S].[3]　GB3096—93,[S].(上接第53页)[15]　,LanceH,　,.[J].,2003,24(2):1-6.[16]　ChouMS,LinJH.BiotrickLingFiltrationoFnitricOxide[J].JoumaloftheAirWasteManagementAssociation,2000,50:502-508.[17]　　,.NO[J].,2003,29(5):98.[18]　DavidovaYB,SchrederED,ChangDPY.BiofiltrationofNitri-coxjde[A].Proceedingsofthe90AnnualMetingandExhibitionofAWMAl[C].JCanada:Toronto,Ontario,1997(6):8-13.[19]　Kyung-NanMin,ErgasSJ,HarrisonJM.HolowFiberMem-braneBioreactorforNitricOxideRemoval[J].EnvironmentalEngineeringScience,2002,19(6)∶575-583.[20]　OknoK,HiraiM,SngiyamaM,etal.MicrobialRemovalofNi-trogenmoNOxide(NO)underAerobicConditions[J].Bio-technlogyLetters,2000,22:77-79.[21]　WoertzJ,KinneyK,McintoshN.RemovalofNitricoxideinaFungalVa