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1小升初英语基本语法与练习一、名词的数在英语中，名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。单数名词表示一个可数事物。复数名词表示两个或两个以上的可数事物。可数名词可分为单数和复数两种形式：表示一个人或事物的名词用单数形式，在使用时，前面一般加不定冠词a或an，表示两个或两个以上的人或事物的名词用复数形式,一般是在词干后附加词尾s或es,如：bags,boxes.名词单数变复数具体规则如下：1).规则变化①一般在名词后加s.如boy→boys,pen→pens等。②以s,x,sh,ch结尾的，在后面加es.如class→classes,但stomach的复数为stomachs.③以辅音字母+y结尾的，y变为i，然后再加es.如baby→babies.④以f或fe结尾的名词把f或fe改为v,再加es.如knife,half,leaf,wolf等。⑤以o结尾的名词，除tomato,potato等少数在后面加es外，一般是在后面直接加s.如kilo→kilos,photo→photos,zoo→zoos,radio→radios,piano→pianos,video→videos.2).不规则变化①man→men,woman→women,foot→feet,tooth→teeth,，child-children，mouse→mice②单复数形式相同如：sheep→sheep,deer→deer,Japanese→Japanese,Chinese→Chinese等。③有些名词形式上是单数，实为复数意义，通常被称为复数名词，如：people,police等。④由-man和-woman构成的合成词如：policeman→policemen,Englishman→Englishmen，Englishwoman-Englishwomen但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans.另外被man或woman修饰的名词变复数时，两个名词都要变。例：amandoctor→twomendoctorsawomanteacher→somewomenteachers但:appletree→appletrees⑤有些名词只有复数形式，如：clothes,trousers,glasses,chopsticks等。⑥数词+名词作定语时，常采用数词+单数名词形式，如atwo-weekholiday,an8-yearoldgirl.另一种常见的形式有fiveminutes'walk,twodays'leave等。23）不可数名词没有单复数形式，要表示不可数名词的数量，可用以下两种方法。①用much,alittle,alotof/lotsofsome,any等修饰不可数名词。如：Therichmanhasalotofmoney.②可用表单位的词修饰不可数名词，如：apieceofpaper,twopiecesofpaper,abottleoforange,aglassofmilk,threebagsofrice。二、名词的格1）表示有生命的东西（人或动物）的名词所有格一般在名词后加's.如：myfather'sstudy以s或es结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加'如：theteachers'readingroom教师阅览室;不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格要加's.如：thewomen'sshoes女式鞋子。如果一样东西为两人共有，则只在后一个名词的后面加's。如果不是共有的，则两个名词之后都要加's.如：JaneandHelen'sroom珍妮和海伦的房间(共有)Bill'sandTom'sradios比尔的收音机和汤姆的收音机（不共有）2）表示无生命的东西，一般用of+名词的结构。如：amapofChina练习：I.写出下列名词的复数形式。1.watch____________11.strawberry_______________2.child_____________12.thief____________________3.photo____________13.girlstudent_______________4.diary____________14.mandoctor_______________5.day______________15.womannurse_____________6.foot______________16.peartree_________________7.book____________17.peach____________________8.dress____________18.box______________________9.tooth____________19.baby____________________10.deer___________20.German__________________3II.翻译下列词组。1.一些桃子_____________________10.我的自行车________________2.五袋大米______________________11.教师节________________3.八只脚_____________________12.三八妇女节________________4.二十颗牙齿____________________13.二张纸________________5.三瓶果汁_____________________14.四个男医生________________6.四十个女警察__________________15.七颗梨树________________7.十二把小刀____________________16.一副世界地图______________8.九个德国人____________________17.Helen的朋友9.许多孩子_____________________18.双胞胎的妈妈______________III.按要求改写下列句子。1.Thereisanorangetreeinthegarden.（改为复数句）____________________________________________________2.Sheisagoodteacher.（改为复数句）____________________________________________________3.Ihavesomeinterestingstorybooks.（改为单数句）____________________________________________________4.Therearesomewomenteachersoverthere.（改为单数句）_____________________________________________________5.-Whatisit?-It'sabox.（改为复数句）4_____________________________________________________IV.单项选择。()1.MrSmithis_______father.Theyaretwinsisters.A.Mary'sandJohn'sB.Mary'sandJohnC.MaryandJohn's()2.Sheneeds___________________.A.aglasswaterB.twoglassesofwaterC.twoglassesofwaters()3.Therearefive______inourschool.A.womanteacherBwomanteachersC.womenteachers()4.Therearemany_______inthefridge.A.foodB.breadC.vegetables()5.I'mthirsty.IthinkI'llbuysome______.A.waterB.eggsC.cakes()6.Johnbought___forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoe()7.-Whatwouldyouliketohaveforlunch,sir?-I'dlike____.!A.chickenB.achickenC.chickensD.thechicken()8.Therearefive___inourfactory.A.womandriverB,womendriverC.womandriversD.womendrivers()9.Thepostofficeisabitfarfromhere.It'sabout_____.A.thirtyminutes'swalkB.thirtyminute'swalkC.thirtyminutes'walkD.thirtyminuteswalk5()10._____turnyellowinautumn.A.LeafB.LeavesC.LeaveD.Leafs()11.Willyoupleaseshowmethewaytothe_____shop?A.shoeB.shoes'C.shoesD.shoe's()12._____hardworkitis!A.WhataB.HowC.WhatD.Howa()13.Hisfamily_____ahappyone.A.beB.areC.isD.was()14.Imettwo_____inthestreetyesterdaymorning.A.GermanB.AustralianC.AmericanD.Japanese()15.Mygrandparentslike_____verymuch,sotheygrowsomeintheir_____gardeneveryyear.A.vegetable,vegetableB.vegetable,vegetablesB.C.vegetables,vegetablesD.vegetables,vegetableV.用所给单词的正确形式填空。1.Howmany________(sheep)arethereonthehill?2.Thereissome________(food)inthebasket.3.Thebabyhasonlytwo________(tooth)now.4.Thereisalotof________(water)inthebottle.5.Therearefive________(people)inhisfamily.6.Let'stake________(photo),OK?7.Ihavelotsof________(tomato)here.68.The________(leaf)onthetreeturnyellow.9.Their________(dictionary)looknew.11.Therearemany________(fox)inthepicture.12.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_______(idea).13.Wouldyoulikesome________(tomato)?14.Jimhassome____________(knife).15.Thegirlunderthetreeisafriendof_______(Lucy).小升初英语基本语法与练习二代词知识要点代词是用来代替人、事物等名词的词。（1）人称代词1.人称代词有人称、数和格之分，在句子中作主语用主格，作宾语或表语用宾格。2.在比较句型中的连词后，可以用主格也可用宾格。3.句子中同时有几个人称代词出现时，一般按第二人称、第三人称、第一人称的顺序。（2）物主代词1.形容词性物主代词y与名词性物主代词关系为：名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词