滇池流域水污染防治规划与富营养化控制战略研究刘永

32820128ActaScientiaeCircumstantiaeVol．32No．8Aug．2012No．2008ZX07102-001SupportedbytheNationalWaterPollutionControlandManagementTechnologyMajorProjectsNo．2008ZX07102-0011980—*[e-mail]1980—maleprofessorPh．D．*[e-mail]tionplanningandeutrophicationcontrolstrategyforLakeDianchiJ．ActaScientiaeCircumstantiae3281962-1972*1008712011-11-082011-12-092011-12-31、、、、、、3、842、3、4．．0253-2468201208-1962-11X32AWatershedpollutionpreventionplanningandeutrophicationcontrolstrategyforLakeDianchiLIUYongYANGPingjianSHENGHuGUOHuaicheng*ZHOUFengXIANGNanWANGCuiyuYANGYonghuiYANXiaopinCHENXingZHANGSongCollegeofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineeringtheKeyLaboratoryofWaterandSedimentSciencesMinistryofEducationPekingUniversityBeijing100871Received8November2011receivedinrevisedform9December2011accepted31December2011AbstractLakeDianchiisoneofthethreelakesonChinesecentralgovernment'sagendaforimplementingimmediateeutrophicationandalgalboomcontrol．Asix-stepmethodologyframeworkonlong-termwatershedmanagementplanningwasproposedinthispapertomeetthedecisionmakingrequirementsoneutrophicationcontrol．TheframeworkisbasedonlakecarryingcapacityandTotalMaximumDailyLoadTMDLandconsistsofcomponentsincludingeutrophicationdiagnosisinvestigationandevaluationTMDLandcarryingcapacitycalculationplanningtasksdesigningadaptivemanagementandstrategicsolutionsproposal．Anintegratedloadreductionsystemwastherebydesignedtoachievewaterqualitygoalsintwoplanningperiodsandunderfourwatershed-scaledevelopmentscenarios．ThestrategicsolutionswerethenproposedforeutrophicationcontrolinLakeDianchi．KeywordsLakeDianchieutrophicationcontrollongtermplanningTMDLstrategy1Introduction“”200920102010．“”2008．“”2010、“”、“”20082009．“”“”1702011．201020097.95%0．55%2008—2010TN200719．7%．DOI:10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2012.08.02482009Yangetal．20102011．．、、、、20092011．．200620102011①“”②③④5、．．、．、、NationalResearchCouncil2001HavensandWalker2002Elshorbagyetal．2005Whiting2006ZhengandKeller200820082008Mahmoudetal．2011．．2Methodology①②③④、．①②③、．36→→→→→1①、．②、．．22020、2030ⅢV3V、IVⅢ4、、、2011．4“--”369132-HSPFEFDC“-”Lung2001Pelley20032009．、2200920102010．1Fig．1Methodologicalframeworkforlongtermwaterpollutioncontrolplanning2Fig．2Methodologydetailsatthesub-watershedscale469183Planningstrategyandtasks3．13．1．12008200920102011①②、③④．3Fig．3Waterqualitychangesatthetemporalscale569132V～VBOD5、CODⅢTN、TPTN3．10～15BOD5TNTPTNTP．2、822011．3．1．220102011①②“”③、．V、IVⅢ200954%、66%80%201120102011．2030360～53091．4%～95．9%2011．．2011、、、．．、、．3．2110、、、2844Fig．4GraphicdemonstrationofSub-watershedsinLakeDianchi3．33、841．8．3．4．“”、、2009．5→→→→．466918、、、COD、TN、TPChla．Ⅲ、IVVChlaEFDC．1Table1Strategyandtasksforlong-termplanning、、、3PC1、W2～W3W4W5～W7W1、、、、5Fig．5Stepstodeterminethegoalsandindicatorsforlong-termplanning3．5、8．W52、3、4．①W5376913242620202030ⅢIV②W5、、③、、、．62030IVTNFig．6TheTNTMDLresultsinsub-watershedW5in203022020W5Table2TheTMDLresultsinsub-watershedW5underdifferentscenariosTNTP/t·a－17．550．000．002944．1276．450．490．000．001273．082．63/t·a－1179．72252．759．407993．40143．5921．565．991．263437．608．69/t·a－1172．17252．759．405049．2867．1421．075．991．262164．526．06*96%100%100%63%47%98%100%100%63%70%/t·a－1267．23304．8714．177993．40143．5930．506．941．893437．608．69/t·a－1259．68304．8714．175049．2867．1430．006．941．892164．526．0697%100%100%63%47%98%100%100%63%70%/t·a－1169．02197．797．357993．40143．5920．485．351．183437．608．69/t·a－1161．47197．797．355049．2867．1419．995．351．182164．526．0696%100%100%63%47%98%100%100%63%70%869182TNTP/t·a－1216．55244．8911．487993．40143．5924．736．051．533437．608．69/t·a－1208．99244．8911．485049．2867．1424．246．051．532164．526．0697%100%100%63%47%98%100%100%63%70%/t·a－1192．036．42/t·a－1138．145．81/t·a－153．890．6128%10%*．82、3、42030Ⅲ、3、2020．、、2011．32030Ⅲ、Table3TheplanningtasksunderGradeⅢwaterqualitygoalin2030TN/t·a－1TP/t·a－1C1W2W3W4W5W6W732．3t·d－16．9t·d－115．9t·d－134．7t·d－115．3hm276．5t·d－118．7t·d－127．3t·d－11323．8hm27．3hm213．0t·d－112．1t·d－12093．0hm25．8hm22．6hm220．0t·d－119．3t·d－16645．0hm2150．0hm2162．0hm25．5t·d－159．1hm22585．8hm2171．1hm22．8t·d－123．7hm21063．0hm240．7hm2500．0hm2533．3hm2103．8hm23530．4353．2112．46．87．75．18812．2845．4499．7390．2226．367．21334．9140．31361．1541．5184．49．82064．2220．44096．81706．647．312．9226．110．2465．431．867．16．10．0495．653．90．6201．839．152．35．00．0203．812．80．5556．6177．8275．6103．714．00．99691324EutrophicationcontrolstrategyforLakeDianchi4．1、．COD、N、P、．-80%、ⅢChla33～43μg·L－1Ⅲchla27～47μg·L－12011．3、、、．Carvalhoetal．19952009．TN、TP“”2011．TN、TPⅢ．4．2TN、TP－．．TNTPⅤ2011．、．TNTPTNTPⅤ、、Carpenter2005ContaminandEllison2009．．4．3①②③“3、4、1”33、、④、、．54%、V．5Conclusions110～15BOD5TNTP、．22030360～53091．4%～95．9%07918、、．33、84．4．1953—、“”．ReferencesCarpenterSR．2005．EutrophicationofaquaticecosystemsbiostabilityandsoilphosphorusJ．ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences10210002-10005CarvalhoLBekiogluMMossB．1995．Changesinadeeplakefollowingsewagediversion-achallengetotheorthodoxyofexternalphosphoruscontrolasarestorationstrategyJ．FreshwBoil342399-410．2009．-D．ChangFY．2009．StudyonLakeEcosystemsandRegimeShif