滇池生态安全综合评估研究冯宁

31220102　　　　　　ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCEVol.31,No.2Feb.,2010,＊,,(,　100871):().,,、1999～2007.,,2007,,Ⅳ,.:;;;:X820.2　:A　:0250-3301(2010)02-0282-05:2008-10-18;:2009-08-17:(1986～),,,,E-mail:[e-mail]＊,E-mail:[e-mail]curityAssessmentofDianchiLakeFENGNing,MAOFeng,LIXiao-yang,ZHANGAn-di(CollegeofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,PekingUniversity,Beijing100871,China)Abstract:Throughthoroughanalysisoftheecologicalsecurityoflakesandreservoirs,whichisthefoundationofpeople'slivingandregionalsustainabledevelopment,therelatedmechanismbetweenwatersystemandsocialactivitiesiselaborated.Thenonthebasisofpressureofhumanactivities,thewaterqualityandtheservicefunctions,theecologicalsecuritysituationsandtrendsofDianchiLakeattimescalefrom1999to2007areanalyzed.Theresultsindicatethatcontaminationgrosscontroleffectivelyrelievesthepressureofhumanactivitiestosomeextent.Butthewaterqualityisn'tobviouslyimproved,andthegradeofecologicalsecurityisnotoptimisticaccordingtoincreasingindexfrom2005.Keywords:lakesandreservoirs;ecologicalsecurity;comprehensiveandquantitativeassessment;DianchiLake　　,.,,,,,.,“(ecologicalsecurity)”.(“”),、、.,、,,,,().,,()、.,,、,().1　1989(IIASA),,,、,.,2[1,2]:,,、,;,,,.,,().,、、、、,、2:,,[3].,.、,.3:,、,,;,(、),,;,,、、、,、.,.,,,,[4].,,,.2　,(),,,.(OECD)--(pressure-state-response,PSR).[5],-PSR.,PSR:,,,、,;,,;,,,PSR.,,,[6]“”.“--”,2,,、.,,,.,,P、HS.,.,,.,、,,COD()、TP()、TN()M(,),.1,[6].3　,102°36′～102°47′,24°40′～25°02′,,298.34km2,15.6m3,.283　　　　　　311　Fig.1　Frameworkofcomprehensiveecologicalsecurityassessmentoflakesandreservoirs,(),,.20,740,、、,、.,,.2060Ⅱ,70Ⅲ,80,90Ⅴ.,,,、BOD5、TP、TN,.,[7～9].“”,.2008,Ⅴ,,.4　1999～2007.P,,.,COD、BOD5,TN、TP.,SⅣ,.4.1　1999～2007COD、BOD5、TNTP,4,,12.1　Table1　WeightofindicatorsofecologicalsecurityassessmentinDianchiLakeCODBOD5TNTP0.2440.2470.2540.2532　Table2　GradedivisionofeachindexofecologicalsecurityassessmentinDianchiLakeⅠ()Ⅱ()Ⅲ()Ⅳ()Ⅴ()P≤2.74≤3.87≤5.07≤6.17≤10H≤2.19≤6.21≤7.48≤8.95≤10S≤3.43≤4.64≤5.92≤7.11≤10F1≤0.31≤0.52≤0.82≤2.822.82F2≤0.38≤0.62≤0.95≤3.253.25F3≤0.12≤0.32≤0.78≤9.149.14　　,P、HS0～10.P10,,;P0,,.H0,;H10,.S,.P、HS,1999～2007,F1F2[0,5].F1=0,F1=5;F2=0,F2=5.,F3[0,20],F3=0,F3=20,“”.,2,.4.2　2842:,P(2)2003,19999.7720076.47,34%.,.,H8aⅡ“”,,.,,,,[9].2　1999～2007、Fig.2　ChangesofpressureindexandhealthindexofDianchiLakefrom1999to20073,F1.1999～2001Ⅴ(),,2004.,,,1999～200723%.3　1999～2007Fig.3　ChangesofhumanstressindexofDianchiLakefrom1999to20074,F22001,Ⅳ“”,.,,,,.4　1999～2007Fig.4　ChangesofdemandservicesindexofDianchiLakefrom1999to20071999～2007,F3(5)Ⅳ“”,,.2001F3,3,,.5　1999～2007Fig.5　ChangesofecologicalsecurityindexofDianchiLakefrom1999to2007,,,,.、,.,.285　　　　　　31,,,、.5　,,,,.,,,2001,2005.,,、.:[1]　.:[J].,2002,5:3-5.[2]　,,.[J].,2002,13(3):354-358.[3]　,.[J].()(),2009,1:62-69.[4]　,,,.[M].:,2001.[5]　,,,.[J].,2002,18(1):67-71.[6]　,,,.[J].(),2009,45(2):327-332.[7]　,.[J].,2004,23:94-96.[8]　,,,.[J].,2005,3(2):135-142.[9]　,,.[J].,2005,3(3):229-233.286