,,(,200092)。,,。、、,Yamamura[1]:、;(),。,,。,,,,:2009-02-17;:2009-04-24:。、、4。,。。,,。,。Zeta、、,。:;;;;:TQ028.8:A:%1009-2455(2009)04-0013-06AstudyofelectricallyenhancedcrossflowmembranefiltrationHUJing-yi,DENGHui-ping,SHANGRan(EnvironmentalScienceandEngineeringDepartment,TongjiUniversity,Shanghai200092,China)Abstract:Thetechnologyofelectricallyenhancedcrossflowmembranefiltrationcanamelioratetheadverseimpactsofmembranefoulingandconcentrationpolarizationeffectively.Fouraspects:electrofiltrationdevice,mechanism,appliedelectricfieldandfactorswhichaffectfiltrationfluxofthesaidtechnologywerereviewed.Anewlydevelopedexternalelectricfieldhollowfibermembranemoduleovercomestheshortcomingsoftraditionalmembranefiltrationmodule,andshowsbrightprospectsofengineeringapplication.Electrokineticeffect—electrophoresisandelectroosmosis,aswellaselectrochemicaleffectcanhappenduringtheprocessofelectricallyenhancedcrossflowmembranefiltration.Electrophoresisisthemainfactorthatcausethemembranefouling,andthroughthecooperativeeffectofitandelectroosmosis,thefiltrationfluxcanbegreatlyimproved.Thepulsedelectricfieldcanslowdownthedecreasingdegreeoffiltrationvelocityandsavetheconsumptionofelectricpowerperunitvolumeofpermeate.WhenthesuspendedparticlespossesseshigherZetapotential,externalelectricfieldisstrong,transmembranepressureapproachescriticalvalueandcrossflowvelocityishigher,thelimitingfiltrationfluxcanbeincreased.Keywords:crossflow;electricfieldenhancement;eletricfieldmembrane;membranefouling;fluxINDUSTRIALWATER&WASTEWATERVol.40No.4Aug.,2009·13·INDUSTRIALWATER&WASTEWATERVol.40No.4Aug.,2009、。,。:、、、(、)[2]。,,,、,、()[3]。1977Henry,[3];1994J.Jurado[4];1996JagannadhMuralidhare[2];2005JOKim,、,[5];2007B.Sarkar,[3]。、、4。11.11。,,。,[6],。,,。,。1.22[6]。,,;,Bowen[7],,。,,,,。Wakeman[8],,。1.3,,[9](ElectricHollowFiberMembraneModule,E-HFM),3。,,。AB,。、、,。2。1Fig.1Flatsheetmembranemodulewithexternalelectricfield2Fig.2Tubularmembranemodulewithmembraneasanelectrode3Fig.3Externalelectricfieldhollowfibermembranemodule(E-HFM) +-·14·,,:、,;,。2.12.1.1,,。4[3],。,,;,。,,[10]。,。vp(cm/s)up(cm2/(V·s)),MarianSmoluchowski[6]:up=vp/E=10εζ/η(1):ζ———Zeta,mV;ε———,F/m;η———,Pa·s;E———,V/cm。(1),,ZetaEup。Zeta,pH、。,ZetaCOO-NH3+,pH,pH[11]。Zeta[12],Ca2+、Mg2+,,Zeta。,,Zeta[6]。,Zeta(ζ<-30mV),(1),,。2.1.2,[13],[14-15]。,,Rm′(cm-1)[2]:Rm′=Rm/[(JE=0+Ja)/JE=0](2):Rm———,cm-1;JE=0———,mL/(cm2·s);Ja———,mL/(cm2·s)。,J(mL/(cm2·s))[3]:J=1000ΔP/η(Rm+Rf+Rc)(3):ΔP———,kPa;Rc———,cm-1;Rf———,cm-1。(2),Rm;,,RcRf,(3),,(Rm+Rf+Rc),。Chaung[11],,,;(3.1),,。,4Fig.4Mass-transferprocessofparticlesoverthemembranesurfaceCpCgδcVWCbδgx·15·INDUSTRIALWATER&WASTEWATERVol.40No.4Aug.,2009,,,。[16-17],vp,JaZeta。2.2,[6]。[18]::2H2O+2e-→H2+2OH-Mcn++ne-→Mc:2H2O→O2+4H++4e-Ma→Man++ne-Mc、Ma。[14],、,,0.10~10mS/cm。,。,Weber[19],。O2H2,,,。,H+OH-,pH,Zeta,。33.1[6]。,,;,,,[20],Ecritical。,,[10]。[6]:Ecritical=Jcritical/up(4):Jcritical———,,mL/(cm2·s)。,,,,。J.O.Kim[5]:,,,。GCCYang[21],,,,,,。3.2,,。,,,[10]。,、,,。[10]0.18μm,0.12MPa,36L/h,60V/cm,0.015%SiO2,10s/10s(10s,10s)、3min/3min、6min/6min、10min/10min,50min()。:,,,,。B.Sarkar[18]3kg/m3120Brix,360kPa,0.12m/s,1000V/m,6.5L/(m2·h)25.2L/(m2·h),0.83kW·h/m3;,(3∶1)0.65kW·h/m3。OH-H2,OH-,pH,·16·。,500V/m,pH3.974.6,3∶1,pH4.4,pH。44:(、Zeta、);();;。4.1HMHuotari[22](<30nm),,,,;0.1~1μm,,,。ZetapH、。Cornelissen[16],Zeta-5mV,15kV/m,35L/(m2·h)70L/(m2·h),Zeta:-67mV,2.4kV/m75L/(m2·h)350L/(m2·h)。,。,,[23]。4.2()WengYH[17],100μS/cm,,:()。25、50、75100V,4%、7%、11%、18%,。,。4.3,。,,,()。GCCYang[21],110V/cm(),17.36cm/s,68.9、137.8、275.6kPa,:275.6kPa1.9mL/(cm2·min),10min0.9mL/(cm2·min),20min。:,,,。4.4,,,,,[24]。0.1m/s,[8]。5(1),(E-HFM)、,。(2)。。,。(3)。,,、,,,。,。(4)4:、、。Zeta、、,。(5),;,,。:①。,,:·17·INDUSTRIALWATER&WASTEWATERVol.40No.4Aug.,2009,,,,;②。,。:[1]YamamuraH,ChaeS,KimuraK,etal.Transitioninfoulingmechanisminmicrofiltrationofasurfacewater[J].WatRes,2007,41(17):3812-3822.[2]JagannadhSN,MuralidhareHS.Electrokineticsmethodstocontrolmembranefouling[J].IndustialandEngineeringChemistryResearch,1996,35(4):1133-1140.[3]BSarkar,SPal,TBGhosh,etal.Astudyofelectricfieldenhancedultrafiltrationofsyntheticfruitjuiceandopticalquantificationofgeldeposition[J].MembraneScience,2008,311(1-2):112-120.[4],,,.[J].,2000,35(12):27-30.[5]JOKim,JTJung,ITYeom,etal.Electricfieldstreatmentforthereductionofmembranefouling,theinactivationofbacteriaandtheenhancementofparticlecoagulation[J].Desalination,2007,202(1-3):31-37.[6]HuotariHM,TragardhG,HuismanIH,etal.CrossflowmembranefiltrationenhancedbyanexternalDCelectricfield:Areview[J].ChemicalEngineeringResearchandDesign,1999,77(A5):461-468.[7]BowenWR,CasseyB,JonesP,etal.Modellingtheperformanceofmembranenanofiltration-applicationtoanindustriallyrelevantseparation[J].MembraneScience,2004,242(1-2):211-220.[8]WakemanRJ,TarletonES.Anexperimentalstudyofelectroacou-sticcrossflowmicrofiltration[J].ChemicalEngineeringResearchandDesign,1991,69(A5):386-397.[9],,,.[J].,2009,29(1):1-5.[10],·,,.[J].,1998,(1):3-8.[11]ChaungCJ,CYWu,CCWu.Combinationofcrossflowandelectricfieldformicrofiltrationofprotein/microbialcellsuspensions[J].Desalination,2008,233(1-3):295-302.[12]Pr