电分析化学英文第三版

ANALYTICALELECTROCHEMISTRYANALYTICALELECTROCHEMISTRYThirdEditionJosephWangCopyright©2006byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Allrightsreserved.PublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NewJersey.PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanada.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,orotherwise,exceptaspermittedunderSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyrightAct,withouteitherthepriorwrittenpermissionofthePublisher,orauthorizationthroughpaymentoftheappropriateper-copyfeetotheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,[phone],fax[phone],oronthewebat(201)748-6011,fax[phone],oronlineat:Whilethepublisherandauthorhaveusedtheirbesteffortsinpreparingthisbook,theymakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyorcompletenessofthecontentsofthisbookandspecificallydisclaimanyimpliedwarrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Nowarrantymaybecreatedorextendedbysalesrepresentativesorwrittensalesmaterials.Theadviceandstrategiescontainedhereinmaynotbesuitableforyoursituation.Youshouldconsultwithaprofessionalwhereappropriate.Neitherthepublishernorauthorshallbeliableforanylossofprofitoranyothercommercialdamages,includingbutnotlimitedtospecial,incidental,consequential,orotherdamages.Forgeneralinformationonourotherproductsandservicesorfortechnicalsupport,pleasecontactourCustomerCareDepartmentwithintheUnitedStatesat(800)762-2974,outsidetheUnitedStatesat(317)572-3993orfax(317)572-4002.Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmaynotbeavailableinelectronicformats.FormoreinformationaboutWileyproducts,visitourwebsiteat–Analyticalelectrochemistry/JosephWang.—3rded.p.cm.ISBN-13978-0-471-67879-3(cloth)ISBN-100-471-67879-1(cloth)1.Electrochemicalanalysis.I.Title.QD115.W332006543′.4—dc222005028185PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.10987654321Dedicatedtothememoryofmyparents,ElkaandMosheWangviiCONTENTSPrefacexiAbbreviationsandSymbolsxiii1FundamentalConcepts11.1WhyElectroanalysis?,11.2FaradaicProcesses,31.2.1Mass-Transport-ControlledReactions,41.2.1.1Potential-StepExperiment,71.2.1.2Potential-SweepExperiments,91.2.2ReactionsControlledbytheRateofElectronTransfer,121.2.2.1ActivatedComplexTheory,161.3ElectricalDoubleLayer,191.4ElectrocapillaryEffect,231.5SupplementaryReading,25Problems,27References,282StudyofElectrodeReactionsandInterfacialProperties292.1CyclicVoltammetry,292.1.1DataInterpretation,322.1.1.1ReversibleSystems,322.1.1.2IrreversibleandQuasi-reversibleSystems,342.1.2StudyofReactionMechanisms,352.1.3StudyofAdsorptionProcesses,372.1.4QuantitativeApplications,412.2Spectroelectrochemistry,422.2.1ExperimentalArrangement,432.2.2PrinciplesandApplications,442.2.3Electrochemiluminescence,472.2.4OpticalProbingofElectrode–SolutionInterfaces,482.3ScanningProbeMicroscopy,492.3.1ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy,502.3.2AtomicForceMicroscopy,512.3.3ScanningElectrochemicalMicroscopy,532.4ElectrochemicalQuartzCrystalMicrobalance,572.5ImpedanceSpectroscopy,58Examples,61Problems,63References,643Controlled-PotentialTechniques673.1Chronoamperometry,673.2Polarography,693.3PulseVoltammetry,763.3.1Normal-PulseVoltammetry,763.3.2Differential-PulseVoltammetry,773.3.3Square-WaveVoltammetry,803.3.4StaircaseVoltammetry,823.4ACVoltammetry,843.5StrippingAnalysis,853.5.1AnodicStrippingVoltammetry,863.5.2PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis,893.5.3AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetryandPotentiometry,913.5.4CathodicStrippingVoltammetry,943.5.5AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry,943.5.6Applications,943.6FlowAnalysis,983.6.1Principles,983.6.2CellDesign,1003.6.3MassTransportandCurrentResponse,1033.6.4DetectionModes,105Examples,108Problems,111References,1124PracticalConsiderations1154.1ElectrochemicalCells,1154.2SolventsandSupportingElectrolytes,117viiiCONTENTS4.3OxygenRemoval,1184.4Instrumentation,1194.5WorkingElectrodes,1234.5.1MercuryElectrodes,1234.5.2SolidElectrodes,1274.5.2.1RotatingDiskandRotatingRingDiskElectrodes,1284.5.2.2CarbonElectrodes,1304.5.2.2.1GlassyCarbonElectrodes,1314.5.2.2.2CarbonPasteElectrodes,1314.5.2.2.3CarbonFiberElectrodes,1334.5.2.2.4DiamondElectrodes,1334.5.2.3MetalElectrodes,1344.5.3ChemicallyModifiedElectrodes,1364.5.3.1Self-AssembledMonolayers,1364.5.3.2Carbon-Nanotube-ModifiedElectrodes,1394.5.3.3Sol-gelEncapsulationofReactiveSpecies,1394.5.3.4ElectrocatalyticallyModifiedElectrodes,1404.5.3.5PreconcentratingElectrodes,1414.5.3.6PermselectiveCoatings,1434.5.3.7ConductingPolymers,1464.5.4Microelectrodes,1494.5.4.1DiffusionatMicroelectrodes,1514.5.4.2MicroelectrodeConfigurations,1524.5.4.3CompositeElectrodes,154Examples,158Problems,158References,1595Potentiometry1655.1PrinciplesofPotentiometricMeasur