N.J.M.C.Penders-vanElk,D.W.Ravensbergen,A.H.Luiken TNOScienceandIndustry(荷兰)D.Portela,R.Dias,A.Vieira Citeve纺织服装工业科技中心(葡萄牙)J.Tholen ElektrolyseProject(荷兰) :描述了电渗析技术的应用研究。从纺织印染厂排出的废水带有颜色,含COD和盐污染。在废水能被回用之前,这些污染物必须从水中除去。去除COD和颜色常常使用好氧菌或厌氧菌的生物处理办法,电渗析或反渗透技术适合除去盐份。利用这些技术,废水被分离成脱盐的稀释液和盐浓缩液。利用脱盐后的废水进行染色实验证明了废水经电渗析分离为脱盐稀释液和盐浓缩液的废水回用技术的可行性。:电渗析,纺织印染,废水图1 目前(左侧流程图)与将来(右侧流程图)纺织染整工业用水的处理示意图 ,3150×109MJ。,,,。,。,。,。,,、。,,。,,。。,、、。,。,:、(ED)(1)。,。,,。。。1 电渗析原理60 20058图2 阳离子交换膜(CEM)和阴离子交换膜(AEM)交替置于两电极间;它能提供盐从废水中浓缩的浓缩液和稀释的稀释液;为中和电极反应产生的H+和OH-离子结合了电极转换图4 在氯化钠(三角形)或硫酸钠(方形)溶液脱盐过程中的电渗析性能;黑色实线代表通过膜的理论最大等电荷迁移。,2。,。,Na+、Mg2+Ca2+。。,,Cl-SO42-,。。,。2 原料与实验方法2.1 3。11———5AMH6CMH,5,100cm2,,50g/L,。,。,7.5V(1.5V),。,、。———。。(Merck),。1———; 2———;3———/; 4———图3 电渗析实验室结构示意图1.5g/L15g/L。,0.5g/LCOD()/0.01g/L(ProcionH-E4R)。0.5ms/cm,。,310L15g/L,0.5ms/cm,。15g/L,2L。,,62 20058图5 在没有其他污染物(圆圈),带有颗粒状糖(三角),活性染料(方形)以及糖与活性染料同时存在(菱形)情况下,氯化钠(三角形)或硫酸钠(方形)溶液脱盐过程中的电渗析性能。2.2 (AB),,。,。,,。AB。、、、COD。ED,pH4,;pH4,。,pHpH7。。。,。,Data-colorSpectraflashSF450CIE-Lab。,,1ΔE2,ΔE2。3 结果与讨论3.1 ———,,。,,(4)。(ce),,(1)。ce=1eq1eq100%=FzΥmol(t)I(t)100%:F———Faraday(26.8Ah/eq);z———(eq/mol);Υmol———(mol/h);I———(A)。5。81%±1%83%±1%。,(COD),(5),83%±1%,76%±1%,72%±1%。,,81%±1%,78%±1%(5)。,COD,,COD(1)。:,,,。63 20058 1 (,,)EDCODCOD(mg/L)(mg/L)COD(mg/L)(mg/L)480-492--4.2-4.94925.75097.5493-493--8.8-7.74948.04988.4 2 A1()A2(,6)L*a*b*L*a*b*ΔEA187.7±0.111.0±0.21.3±0.2-A287.8±0.210.3±0.31.34±0.020.70 A160.6±0.633.5±0.543.1±0.4-A263.5±0.431.1±0.443.1±0.23.85A144.8±0.127.8±0.433.8±0.2-A245.8±0.626.9±0.533.5±0.22.27图6 在印染厂A进行的染色试验中所用处理水A1、A2、A3和A4来源流程图3.2 (30L15g/L),。。21.820.0mol。,69%64%。ED58Wh/eq63Wh/eq。C.R.VisserE.Gain50%95%。:,。,0.1g/L,15g/L107g/L。,,。,,EDED。3.3 ED,。A,———A1A2———。A1A26。B,B1B2。B1B27。23。,,。A:,。B,ED,。。,,B,。64 20058 3 B1()B2(,7)L*a*b*L*a*b*ΔEB168.2±0.32.9±0.211.9±0.3-B261.2±0.23.9±0.114.3±0.27.49 B142.2±0.3-2.05±0.039.5±0.1-B237.1±0.2-1.48±0.0711.23±0.065.49 5 A1()、A3(ED,4)A4(ED,6)L*a*b*L*a*b*ΔEA187.7±0.111.0±0.21.3±0.2-A388.2±0.38.9±0.22.1±0.12.25A487.3±0.19.8±0.81.1±0.51.21 A160.6±0.633.5±0.543.1±0.4-A367.4±0.327.6±0.351.2±0.512.19A459.1±0.532.8±0.142.1±0.31.85A144.8±0.227.8±0.433.8±0.2-A354.3±0.522.23±0.0241.8±0.614.24A443.2±0.627.9±0.332.7±0.71.60 6 B1()、B3(ED,4)B4(ED,7)L*a*b*L*a*b*ΔEB169.0±0.493.07±0.0911.9±0.3-B468.01±0.033.52±0.0411.13±0.061.36B164.1±0.36.17±0.0917.12±0.06-B365.8±0.35.25±0.0715.3±0.12.69B464.2±0.16.37±0.0815.99±0.061.15 B143.0±0.6-2.34±0.057.83±0.04-B345.9±0.1-2.41±0.038.75±0.043.06B442.7±0.3-2.48±0.098.67±0.030.713.4 ,。EDSO42-Cl-。,,。,。A———A1、A3A4,6。A34。A46,,A4,。 4 A3B3, A3B3SO42-(mg/LSO42-)27101280Cl-(mg/LCl-)209012900(g/L)1227(mg/LCaCO3)249362(mg/LCaCO3)62108040(ms/cm)18.444.3 B———B1、B3B4,7。B34。B47。,B4。A5,B6。A,ED(A3)(),ED(A4)。A3。,。A3,A466 20058图7 在印染厂B进行的染色试验中所用处理水B1~B4来源流程图。A3A1,。,5°dH,。249mgCaCO3/L,14°dH。,EDpH。,。,。BB3。,,。,。。4 结论。80%20.4Ah/eq,COD。COD,,。,。,。,。。,,。,()(),。ED,。ED(),。,()ED,。钟 毅 译 罗 艳 校ApplicationofelectrodialysisforrecoveryofsaltsandwaterinthetextilefinishingindustryN.J.M.C.Penders-vanElk,D.W.Ravensbergen,A.H.Luiken,TNOScienceandIndustry,Ensched/TheNetherlandsD.Portela,R.Dias,A.Vieira,CiteveTechnologicalCentrefortheTextileandClothingIndustries,VillaNovadeFamalicão/PortugalJ.Tholen,ElektrolyseProject,Bussum/TheNetherlandsAbstract:Researchwiththeelectrodialysistechniqueisdescribed.Wastewaterfromtextilefinishingoperationsiscol-oredandcontainsCODandsal.tBeforethewatercanbere-used,thesepollutantshavetoberemovedfromthewater.FortheremovalofCODandcolor,biologicaltreatment,bothaerobicandoranaerobic,isoftenused.Fortheremovalofsaltelectrodialysisandreversedosmosisareappropriatetechniques.Usingthesetechniques,wastewaterissplitintoadesalteddiluateandasaltconcentrate.Nexttodesalting,dyeingex-perimentsareperformedtoprovethetechnicalfeasibilityofre-useofthediluateandconcentrateobtainedwithelectrodialysis.Keywords:electrodialysis,textilefinishing,wastewater67 20058