淀粉厂玉米酒精污水处理

辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计第I页I山东省某淀粉厂玉米酒精污水处理设计摘要随着生物化工的发展，其环境污染问题也日趋严重，已经成为我国的环境污染大户。本次课题设计的主要内容是山东省某淀粉厂玉米酒精污水处理设计，处理水量为2000m3/d。原污水中各项指标为：BOD5浓度为2000mg/L，COD浓度为2500mg/L，SS浓度为500mg/L，pH值为6~7。要求处理后的出水达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978—1996）酒精行业一级标准，即：BOD5≤20mg/L，COD≤100mg/L，SS≤70mg/L，pH值为6~9。酒精生产废水是一种高浓度有机废水，具有粘度大、pH值低、温度高、有机物和悬浮物含量高等特点，本设计中采用UASB/生物接触氧化组合工艺流程处理该废水。首先，废水经上流式厌氧污泥床进行有机物的大量去除，且维持污泥在污泥床内很少流失。在利用生物接触氧化池中淹没在废水中的填料上生长的生物膜，使废水在与生物膜接触过程中水中的有机物被微生物吸附，并氧化分解和转化为新的生物膜。从填料上脱落的生物膜，随水流到二次沉淀池，通过沉淀与水分离，使废水得到净化。经过本工艺处理后，废水BOD5可降至20mg/L以下，COD可降至100mg/L以下，SS可降至70mg/L以下，pH值在6~9之间，出水达到国家《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978—1996）酒精行业一级标准。关键词：玉米酒精废水；UASB工艺；生物接触氧化工艺辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计第II页IIAStarchfactoryofShandongcornalcoholwastewatertreatmentdesignabstractWiththedevelopmentofbio-chemicalindustry,theenvironmentalpollutionproblemshavebecomeincreasinglyseriousenvironmental,pollutionhasbecomeabigprobleminourcountry.ThemainsubjectofthedesignisastarchfactoryinShandongProvincecornalcoholtreatmentdesign,treatmentofwateris2000m3/d.Theindicatorsinrawsewage:BOD5concentrationof2000mg/L,CODconcentrationof2500mg/L,SSconcentrationof500mg/L,pHvalueof2.7to3.5.ItrequirestheeffluenttoachieveIntegratedWastewaterDischargeStandard(GB8978-1996)levelofalcoholindustrystandards,thatis:BOD5≤20mg/L,COD≤100mg/L,SS≤70mg/L,pH=6~9.Inthisdesign,theproductionofalcoholisakindofhighconcentrationorganicwastewaterwithfeaturesofhighviscosity,lowPH,hightemperature,highcontentoforganicmatterandsuspendedmattercharacteristics.ProposedUASB/combinationofbiologicalcontactoxidationprocess.Wastewaterbyupflowanaerobicsludgereactorbedistorelyonthetopofthethree-phaseseparatingbetweenthegas,liquidandsolid,thesludgecanremaininthesludgebedwithlittleloss.Biologicalcontactoxidationtanksubmergedinthewastewaterwillbecoveredwithbiofilmpacking,wastewaterandbiofilmincontactwiththeprocess,thewateradsorptionoforganiccompoundsaremicrobial,oxidativedecompositionandtransformationasanewbiofilm.Shedfromthebiofilmonthepacking,withtheflowtothesecondarysedimentationtank,throughthesedimentandwaterseparation,wastewaterispurificated.Afterthetreatmentprocess,wastewaterBOD5canbereducedto20mg/Lless,CODcanbereducedto100mg/Lthefollowing,SScanbereducedto70mg/Lless,pHvaluereached6to9.Aftertheabovetreatmentprocessandcellprocess,thewatermeetthenationalrequirements.Keywords:cornethanolwaste;UASBprocess;biologicalcontactoxidationprocess辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计第III页III目录摘要.......................................................................................................Iabstract.......................................................................................................II1概况.........................................................................................................11.1项目背景················································································11.2设计依据················································································11.3设计原则·················································································22设计规模及处理程度.............................................................................32.1设计水量·················································································32.2原水水质·················································································32.3出水水质·················································································33污水处理的工艺选择和比较.................................................................53.1处理方法简介···········································································53.2生化处理方法的选择··································································73.2.1工艺方案的选择原则·······································································73.2.2生化处理方法的选择比较·································································83.3工艺流程图············································································104构筑物说明.............................................................................................114.1格栅间··················································································114.2沉淀池··················································································114.3调节池··················································································114.4UASB反应池·········································································114.5生物接触氧化池·····································································124.6二沉池·················································································134.7污泥浓缩池···········································································134.8污泥脱水··············································································145总平面布置.............................................................................................155.1平面布置原则·········································································155.2平面布置结果·········································································155.3高程布置原则·········································································176其它设计..........................................