东部平原城市水污染现状及河网结构对水污染影响骆东玲

　　　201129骆东玲　陆培东　喻国华(,　210034)　:以我国经济发达、城市化较高的东部平原地区城市河网水污染现状为例,结合东部平原地区河网的自然结构特征,从水动力学角度研究平原河网结构改变对地表水污染的影响,探讨我国东部平原地区城市河网水污染水动学机理,为采取有效的治理技术手段提供理论基础。:城市河网;水环境;污染机理;东部平原STUDYONTHEACTIVITYOFTHECONTAMINATIVEWATERANDTHEIMPACTONTHEWATERPOLLUTIONOFCHANGEINURBANRIVER-NETINTHEEASTPLAINREGIONOFCHINALuoDongling　LuPeidong　YuGuohua(NanjingHydraulicResearchInstitute,Nanjing210034,China)Abstract:Forthesakeofwaterenvironmentsustainabledevelopmentduringthedouble-quickurbanizationintheeastplainregionofChina,itistakenasexampletoresearchactivityoftheriver-netcontaminativewater,theeconomydevelopment,upperurbanizationineastplainregionofChina.Andintegratingthenaturalcharac-teroftheurbanriver-netoftheeastplainregionofChina,itisdiscussedthehydrodynamicmechanismofthewaterpollution,andresearchedtheeffectonthewaterpollutionofthechangeinurbanriver-netwhichprovideatheoreticbasisfortakingeffectivecontrolmeasures.Keywords:urbanriver-net;waterenvironment;mechanismofpollutingriverwater;eastplainregionofChina＊。0　,,、,,。,70%、58%[1]。。,199722%[2]。,,,。,。1　1.1　我国东部平原地区城市河网水污染现状2070,、[3-4]。202,1930,,5%,1/390%[5],70%。1996138,96.4%,Ⅲ81.2%,Ⅴ38.4%[6]。1999,90%,141,63.8%ⅣⅤ[7]。,200033t,COD19t[8]。2060,10,“2050,2060,2070,2080,2090”59DOI:10.13205/j.hjgc.2011.s1.053　　　201129。V[9],,。200313001.3×108m[8],:(V)17.4%;(IV、VV)38.2%。2006,()197408,Ⅳ～ⅤⅤ28%26%。1.2　东部平原地区城市河网水污染特征,、,。,。,,。,。、,,,()。1998,1998194.8t2005281.4t,1,。1999,(1)。1　1989-2005、(),20036.11t,COD4.4t;200212.11t,COD29.5t[10]。199713t;200019.32t,7.20t,37.27%,35.9%[11],。,,,,,。,23%SSCOD40%～70%[12]。2　2.1　水面率、河长对水污染的影响。,,。,,,,;,,,,。,,、,,、,,、,。195019991。1　1950-1999[13]506019791984198919941999/km440.8403.1332.5281.9279.9278.3175.4/km210.5810.049.48.868.798.767.72/%41.6640.1535.3731.8231.8431.7722.72　　1,,440.8km175.4km,27%;41.66%22.72%。80,11.1%,9020,6.4%,,。2.2　河道宽深比对水污染的影响[14]。[15],。,2.0,,;2.0～60　　　2011292.5,,;2.5,,,,,3.0。2.3　流速流量对水污染的影响,、、、、,。0.5m/h,,,;0.5～1.5m/h,,,,,;1.5m/h,,,。、、,。[17],,,,;。、,0.1m/s,,,,,、,。,,,;、,。2.4　河流河底比降对水污染的影响,,,0.023%～0.037%,,,,,,、,,。、,1/10000～1/100000,0.24×10-4,6～9m3/s,,,,,,,。2.5　城市建筑物的遮光对城市水污染的影响,,。,;、,,,“”,。、,,12%。2.6　其他因素对城市河网水污染的影响、、,。3　3.1　改善城市河网结构,提高河流自净能力、,;,;、、,,。3.2　采用调水冲污技术,快速改善水质,、,、。,、,,,、,。3.3　加强生态恢复建设,促进河网生态功能恢复、,,,、,,,,、,,。3.4　加强污染源的管理,减少污染物的排放,,、,,。3.5　加大宣传,提高环境保护意识,,,,。4　,61　　　201129、,、、,,,。[1].[M].:,2001.[2]GeSun,StevenG.Mcnulty,etal.PotentialimpactsofclimatechangeonrainfallerosivityandwateravailabilityinChinainthenext100years[J].12thIscoConference,2002:244.[3]BanisterJ.Population,publichealthandtheenvironmentinChina[J].TheChinaQuartity,1998,156:986-1015.[4]ShenJ.Chian'sfuturepopulationanddevelopmentchallenges[J].TheGeographicalJournal,1998,164(1):33-40.[5].[M].:,2003.[6].1996[R].[7].1999[J].,2000,7:3-9.[8]、,,.[J].(),2003,32(2):144-146.[9],,.[J].,2009,28(4):171-174.[10],,.[J].,2009,28(2):52-56.[11],.[J].,2002,21(1):58-61.[12],,,.[J].,2006,17(2):288-294.[13],,.[J].,2005,14(2):133-138.[14]VasiliosASakkas,DimitraALambropoulou,TriantafyllosA.Al-banisstudyofchlorothalonilphotodegradationinnaturalwatersandinthepresenceofhumicsubstances[J].Chemosphere,2002,48(9):939-945.[15],,,.[J].,2007,1(5):114-117.[16]LiJia,LiRan,LiKefeng,etal.Experimentalstudyoftturbu-lenceeffectonreaeration[J].ProgressinNaturalScience,2000,10(9):693-697.　　201204　34714101E-mail　@126.com2010-12-13(31)pH、,V=6V、60min、pH=2.5～3.5、,Zn2+,。3),Zn2+,,。[1]HutchinsonTC,MeemaKM(Eds.).LeadMercury,CadmiumandArsenicintheEnvironment[M].Oxford:PergamonPress,1987.[2]FergusonJE.TheHeavyElements:EnvironmentImpactandHealthEffects[M].Oxford:PergamonPress,1990.[3].[J].,2004,21(4):54-55.[4],,,.[J].,2006,32(7):5-6.[5].21[J].,2000,22(3):1-2.[6]SapariN.IdrisA.HamidNHA.Totalremovalofheavymetalfrommixedplatingrinsewastewater[J].Desalination,1996,106(1):419-422.[7],,,.[J].,2004,22(1):11-14.[8]Guohuachen.Electrochemicaltechnologiesinwastewatertreatment[J].SeparationandPurificationTechnology,2004,11-41.[9],,.[J].,2001,21(1):11-15.[10],,,.[J].,2008,25(8):61-63.[11]RajeshwarK.Electrochemistryandtheenvironment[J].journalofapplitedelectrochemistry,1994(24):1077-1091.[12],,,.[J].,2003,20(1):7-10.[13],《》.[M]..:.[14].[M]..:,1999.[15]CardJC,ValentinG,StorckA.Theactivedcarbonelectrode-anewexperimentallyverifiedmathematicalmodelforthepotentialdistribution[J].Journaloftheelectrochemicalsociety,1990,137(9):2736-2745.　　030024　7912247E-mail　[e-mail]2010-10-2762