洞庭湖区污染控制区划与控制对策

24720117ResearchofEnvironmentalSciencesVol．24No．7July201112111111．4100142．410014．．、CODCr．、3．．．X524A1001－6929201107－0748－08PollutionControlRegionalizationandCountermeasuresinDongtingLakeAreaQINDi-lan1HUANGZhe2LUOYue-pin1BIJun-pin1XIAOChen-chang1HUANGYi1YIMin11．HunanProvinceEnvironmentalMonitoringCenterChangsha410014China2．CentralSouthForestInventoryandPlanningInstituteofStateForestryAdministrationChangsha410014ChinaAbstractTocontrolandmanagepollutionbyregionsiseffectiveforcomprehensivepollutionpreventionandcontrolureintheDongtingLakeArea．BasedontheanalysisofthemainpollutantssourcesintheDongtingLakeAreaandtheregionalizationprinciplesofpollutioncontrolpollutioncontrolregionalizationintheDongtingLakeAreawasdiscussedandthecorrespondingcountermeasureswereputforwardaccordingtopollutionloadfeaturesofdifferentregions．TheresultsshowthatthemainpollutantsincludingnitrogenphosphorusandCODCraremostlyfromagriculturalsurfacesourcepollutionandmunicipalpollution．TheDongtingLakeAreacanbedividedintothreepollutioncontrolzonesi．e．pollutioncontrolzoneofcentralcitiescomprehensiveimprovementzoneofplainagricultureandecologicalconservationzoneofmountainshills．Themainpollutantsintheabovethreecontrolzonesaremostlyfrommunicipalandindustrialpointsourcespollutionfarmlandrunoffandbreedingpollutionandlivestockbreedingandfarmlandrunoffpollutionrespectively．ThecorrespondingcontrolstrategiesproposedonthebasisofanalysisofthepollutionfeaturesofthedifferentdivisionzoneswillbeveryhelpfulforenvironmentalpollutionpreventionandtreatmentintheDongtingLakeArea．KeywordsDongtingLakeAreapollutioncharacteristicscontrolregionalizationpreventionandcurecontrolmeasures2010－10－222[e-mail]．“”“”“3+5”1．“”、“”、．20087Ⅴ79%“、”500003000hm2．、2-6．7-8．、9-10．．．11-14．15、10、161718．．19、CODCr．11.1、、、“”、、“”．、－．、、2045410km220081625×10424%．、、、、、、、、．20082667×10824%、、31%91%92%50%20．1.21.2.1、、、、．3．2008．321-22=－×1=×－×2=××3=×××4=××+××××5=×6=Σiii72008．23、《》《》．1.2.2①94724．、、．②．、．③．、．④．、．22.1、、．、、Ⅰ、ⅡⅢ3．GIS1、、、1.．1Fig．1PollutioncontrolregionalizationmapinDongtingLakeArea2.22.2.12.2.1.12008CODCr323351691359049t．CODCr、72%3、83%48%、81%2.05771Table1CharacteristicsofdifferentpollutioncontrolzonesinDongtingLakeAreakm210424Ⅰ、、、6503403Ⅱ、、、、、、、、16428676Ⅲ、、、、、、22479546、2Table2CompositionofthemainpollutionsourcesinDongtingLakeAreaCODCrta%ta%ta%8543926.41141.643587.48797727.2112416.31762229.85937818.4334748.42246938.05542917.195113.855339.4310889.7126918.3783413.340401.21081.612332.13233511006913100590491002.2.1.2200824772899×10827723×104tCODCr1200676598t．、、、CODCr53.3CODCr、、、5．CODCr73%．200612234252008CODCr．CODCr．47%．2.2.1.32008660×10440300×104tCODCr157942197527703t．．4、、70%～86%7975×104t20%．32008Table3PollutantemissionsofmainindustriesinDongtingLakeAreain2008104tataCODCr9610966875721895220041036950914725529230828636228241412656823864042008．2.2.1.4．20081711×104107×10420CODCr59378t3347t22469t．200889×104t50%20．、10556km226%．72.5×104t2.2×104t32%36%202008CODCr310885t12684t78343t．2.2.21572422008Fig．2ThedistrictdistributionoftheimportquantitiesofmainpollutionsourcescalculatedasequivalentpollutionloadintoDongtingLakein2008GIS2．2577．．、．64%41%20456%20、26．23．．、、、、4．2008、、、、46%～81%20．268%、．、57%74%54%．、200843%、20．、．30%．、27．2.32.3.1．．．、、、．“”．、“”．2.3.2．．、、、、、、、、．“”“”、、2km．．．、、．．、．、．357242.3.3．、．、．“、、”“”“－”“－”“－”．．．25°25°25°、．3a．3．b．CODCr、72%、83%、81%．c．．d．．References1．“”J．20099430-34.2．J．2007275712-716．3．J．200922101150-1155．4QUJHFANMH．ThecurrentstateofwaterqualityandtechnologydevelopmentforwaterpollutioncontrolinChinaJ．CritRevEnvSciTec201040519-560．5．J．201023281167-1173．6GUNESK．Pointandnonpointsourcesofnutrientstolakes-ecotechnologicalmeasuresandmitigationmethodologies-casestudyJ．EcolEng2008342116-126．7．J．20092517239-244．8．J．2008274106-109．9GOETZRUZILBERMAND．ThedynamicsofspatialpollutionthecaseofphosphorusrunofffromagriculturallandJ．JEconDynControl2000241143-163．10．GISJ．2006194119-124．11PRAVDIC＇V．ThechemicalindustryintheCroatianAdriaticregionidentificationofenvironmentalproblemsassessmentofpollutionrisksandthenewpoliciesofsustainabilityJ．SciTotalEnviron1995171123265-274．12ZHANGYLBARTENBPK．WatershedforestmanagementinformationsystemWFMISJ．EnvironModellSoftw2009244569-575．13LEONEARIPAMNBOCCIALetal．PhosphorusexportfromagriculturallandasimpleapproachJ．BiosystEng20081012270-280．14ZUQUETTELVPALMAJBPEJONOJ．Methodologytoassessgroundwaterpollutionconditionscurrentandpre-dispositionintheSoCarlosandRibeiroPretoregionsBrazilJ．BullEngGeolEnviron2009681117-136．15．J．200619640-44．457716．J．2004242232-237．17．J．200627131-36．18．J．2010303426-432．19．R．201059．20．2009M．2009．21．J．2009402166-70．22．M．200826-52．23．M．2009267-268．24．J．200123582-86．25．J．20072740-41．26．J．20031658-59．27．J．2004133354-357.557