堵塞对湿地内水流流态及污水处理效果的影响张雨葵

246200811WATERRESOURCESPROTECTIONVol.24No.6Nov.2008　　:(863)(2003AA601100-5):(1976—),,,,,。E-mail:[e-mail],,　(,　510655):通过在污水中加入氯化钠示踪剂,研究人工湿地及其对照系统内水力停留时间的分布(HRTD),探讨潜流人工湿地和垂直流人工湿地中植物在堵塞前后对水流流态的影响,探讨堵塞对上述两种人工湿地水流流态的影响。结果表明:对于潜流人工湿地(SFCW),堵塞前湿地植物缩短了水力停留时间(HRT),堵塞后延长了HRT;对于垂直流人工湿地(VFCW),堵塞前湿地植物对水流流态无明显影响,堵塞后延长了湿地内的HRT。堵塞对湿地内水流流态影响明显,潜流和垂直流湿地由于堵塞其HRT分别延长了12.3%,22.6%。堵塞后湿地对污水的净化能力都要强于堵塞前,但是湿地的污水处理量减小,堵塞严重时湿地丧失其污水净化功能。:湿地植物;堵塞;人工湿地;水流流态;水力停留时间:X171.4　　　:A　　　:1004-6933(2008)06-0057-04InfluenceofcloggingonflowpatternandwastewatertreatmentefficiencyofconstructedwetlandZHANGYu-kui,CAOMing-di,YANGYang(SouthChinaInstituteofEnvironmentalSciences,MEP,Guangzhou510655,China)Abstract:Thehydraulicretentiontime(HRT)distributionofaconstructedwetlandandacontrolsystemwithoutplantswasstudiedusingaNaCltracer.Theinfluenceofthewetlandplantsontheflowpatterninsubsurfaceflowconstructedwetlands(SFCW)andverticalflowconstructedwetlands(VFCW)beforeandaftercloggingarediscussed.TheresultsshowthattheHRTisshortenedbywetlandplantsbeforeclogging,andaftercloggingtheresultisthecontraryinSFCW.InVFCW,theinfluenceofwetlandplantsontheflowpatternisnotobservedbeforeclogging,whileaftercloggingHRTincreasesduetowetlandplants.Theinfluenceofcloggingontheflowpatterninconstructedwetlandsisobvious.Becauseofclogging,theHRTincreases12.3%inSFCWand22.6%inVFCW.Theconstructedwetlandafterclogginghashigherpurificationefficiencythantheconstructedwetlandbeforeclogging,butthewastewatertreatmentcapacityoftheconstructedwetlandwilldecreaseandevenreachzeroifcloggingisserious.Keywords:wetlandplants;clogging;flowpattern;hydraulicretentiontime　　、、,。3:、(SFCW)[1](VFCW)[2]。,。,,,。,、、,,[1,3-11],·57·,。,。,[9,11-14]。(HRTD),SFCWVFCW,。1　1.1　,,(,);,(,)。,(××)1.0m×0.8m×0.7m,。:,40～50mm,70cm;,10～20mm,70cm;,,70cm。,,。20055。1。1　1.2　,0.6m3/(m2·d)。。1.3　(NaCl),NaCl,5,,()。DDP-210。1.4　(HRT)[15]HRT,HRT。2　2.1　2.1.1　堵塞前湿地植物对水流流态的影响。20058,,110cm,100%。0.6m3/(m2·d),,。20.6m3/(m2·d),HRTD。2,,HRTHRT,EdwardLM[16];,HRT,[9]。,,,[17],;,,,,。2　2.1.2　堵塞后湿地植物对水流流态的影响200611,,110cm,80%。0.6m3/(m2·d),·58·,2cm。30.6m3/(m2·d),HRTD。3,,HRTHRT,HRT18.18%,15.26%。,,,,HRT。3　2.2　,,,、,HRT。,2cm。2.1.12.1.2。4,HRTD,。、HRT[18]:tth=24nVQ:tthHRT,h;n,0.43,0.40,0.31;V,m3;Q,m3/d。0.6m3/(m2·d),HRT10.6h。[15],,HRT11.9h;4　HRT13.0h。HRT12.3%,22.6%,,,。5　2.3　、。2.1.12.1.2。,2cm;,。5,,CODMn、TP、TN、NH3-N。,,,,·59·,HRT,。,。,(,,、),,,。,,,。,。,。,,,(、),,。3　　a.,,,HRT,。b.,,,HRT。c.,HRT12.3%,22.6%。d.,。,,,。:[1],,,.[J].,2001,22(5):45-49.[2],.[M].:,1991.[3]MACHATET,NOLLH,BEHRENSH.Degradationofphenanthreneandhydrauliccharacteristicsinaconstructedwetland[J].WaterResearch,1997,31(3):554-560.[4]TORRESJJ,SOLERA,SAEZJ.StudyoftheinternalhydrodynamicsinthreefacultativepondsoftwomunicipalWSPsinSpain[J].WaterResearch,1999,33(11):1133-1140.[5]NAMECHETH,VASELJL.Hydrodynamicstudiesandmodelizationforaeratedlagoonandwastestabilizationponds[J].WaterResearch,1998,32(10):3039-3045.[6].[J].,1991,4(5):8-12.[7].[J].,1997(6):50-52.[8]WILLIAMJM,KARENMW.Waterquality,fateofmetals,andpredictivemodelvalidationofaconstructedwetlandstreatingacidminedrainage[J].WaterResearch,1998,32(6):1888-1900.[9],,,.[J].,2002,23(4):76-80.[10],,,.[J].,2001,21(6):535-539.[11],,,.[J].,2003,19(2):1-4.[12],,,.[J].,2004,25(3):144-149.[13],,.[J].,2003,23(5):457-461.[14],,,.[J].,2006,29(6):74-77.[15],,,.[J].,1999,13(2):74-76.[16]EDWARDLM,ANTHONGGC.TheinfluenceofMacrophytesonsubsurfaceflowwetlandhydraulics[C]//5thinternationalconferenceonwetlandsystemsforwaterpollutioncontrol.Vienna:1996,II/2-1-7.[17],.[J].,2000,20(5):869-874.[18].[M].:,1992.(:2007-06-13　:)·60·