短程硝化的生化机理及其动力学彭永臻

28520085　　　　　　ActaScientiaeCircumstantiaeVol.28,No.5May,2008:“”(No.2006BAC19B03);(No.ykj-2007-1161)SupportedbytheKeyTechnologiesRDProgramforthe11thFive-YearPlan(No.2006BAC19B03)andtheSixthSTProgrammefortheGraduateStudentsofBJUT(No.ykj-2007-1161):(1949—),,(),E-mail:[e-mail];＊()Biography:PENGYongzhen(1949—),male,professor(Ph.D.),E-mail:[e-mail];＊Correspondingauthor,,.2008.[J].,28(5):817-824PengYZ,SunHW,YangQ.2008.Thebiochemicalreactionmechanismandkineticsofpartialnitrification[J].ActaScientiaeCircumstantiae,28(5):817-824彭永臻＊,孙洪伟,杨庆北京工业大学,北京市水质科学与水环境恢复工程重点实验室,北京100022:2007-06-01　　　:2008-03-12:,、.、(),.,,(),(NH+4-N)()()(),,.μnmax、KN、vmax.:;;;;:0253-2468(2008)05-817-08　　　:X703.1　　　:AThebiochemicalreactionmechanismandkineticsofpartialnitrificationPENGYongzhen＊,SUNHongwei,YANGQingKeyLaboratoryofBeijingWaterQualityScienceandWaterEnvironmentRecoveryEngineering,BeijingUniversityofTechnology,Beijing100022Received1June2007;　　　accepted12March2008Abstract:Thebiochemicalreactionmechanismandkineticsofpartialnitrificationarethefoundationofbiologicalnitrogenremovalandtheyareimportantforbiologicaldenitrificationprocessdesignandproperoperation.Thecomplexbiochemicalreactionofpartialnitrificationisdescribedfromthemicrobiologyandstoichiometryonthebasisoftheelectronflow(energyproduction)pathway.Bythese,weknowthatpartialnitrificationinvolvesaseriesofcomplexbiochemicalreactionsconcerningmanyintermediates,accompaniedwithelectronflow(energyproduction).Atthesametime,itisthesynthesisoftworeactions-ammonia-Nutilizationandammonia-oxidizingbacterialgrowth-whichneedfurtherstudy.Integralanddifferentialmethodsareadaptedtoobtainthevaluesofthekineticsconstants.Keywords:partialnitrification;biochemicalmechanism;kinetics;electronflow;stoichiometry1　(Introduction),,、,、、.,(Gradyetal.,1999).,(sludgeretentiontime,SRT)(hydraulicretentiontime,HRT)(Metcalfetal.,2003),.(Hanetal.,2003),.、()、,、,DOI:10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2008.05.004　　　　　　　　　　28.2　(Themechanismofpartialnitrification),(NH+4-N※NO-2-N)(Metcalfetal.,2003).(ammoniumoxidationbacteria,AOB),Nitrosomonas,Nitrosococcus,Nitrosopira,Nitrosolobus,Nitrosovibro5(Koopsetal.,1991).(Koopsetal.,1990;Headetal.,1993;Purkholdetal.,2000),AOBβ-Proteobacteriaγ-Proteobacteria.(Bocketal.,1991),,,,.,.,,.,Wood(1988a;1988b)、Bergmann(1994a;1994b;1994c).,Yamanaka(1974)(hydroxylamineoxidoreductase,HAO).2.1　短程硝化的物质转化途径,,,.Wood(1988a;1988b),.:NH3(NH+4)(ammoniamonooxygenase,AMO)(Wood,1986)NH2OH,:NH3+O2+2H++2eAMONH2OH+H2O-120kJ·mol-1(1),(Enderssonetal.,1983),,HAObc1AMO.H+H2O.120kJ·mol-1,.Suzuki(1974;1981),AMO,,,AOBNH3,NH+4,AMO,NH3,NH+4.:(hydroxylamineoxidoreductase,HAO),,:NH2OH+H2OHAOHNO2+4H++4e-+23kJ·mol-1(2)(2),,44H+,,23kJ·mol-1.Wood(1986)Hoppert(1995),HAO,,.ArcieroHooper(1993)180,315—190,315.AnderssonHooper(1983),4(NOH),22H+.:,.NH2OHHAO[NOH]+2H++2e-(3):,.[NOH]+H2OHAOHNO2+2H++2e-(4)HooperTerry(1979),Zart(2000),,NOH,Nitrosomonaseuropaea,NO.15N,NO,.,,.,,8185:.2.2　短程硝化过程的电子传递模式,1,.(1),.(2)1,,4,AMO、HAOc-,,.,(Madiganetal.,1997).(NADNADH,c,bc1,aa3).:①;②,ATP.,E′0,.,,.,.(Hooperetal.,1972):(NH3,)NAD+/NADHbc1caa3O2().Yamanaka(1974)HAO,:HAO※Cyt·c554(c554)※Cyt·c552(c552)※Cyt·aa3(aa3,)..4,Cyt·c554.Cyt·c55425kDa,,(Hommesetal.,1994).,4Cyt·c552,(Fergusonetal.,1982),,cty·bc1AMO,,,,.Cy·c552cyt·aa3,.Kurokawa(1987),,cty·bc1NAD,NADH,ATP.,Cyt·aa3,12O2,.1　(CM.,O.,i.;HAO.,AMO.,Cyt·c554.c554,Cyt·c552.c552,Cyt·aa3.aa3,Cyt·bc1.bc1,NAD.,ATPase-ATP,ATP.)Fig.1　Biologicalreactionofnitriteandelectronflowinammonia-oxidizingbacteria2.3　短程硝化过程的能量产生,,,ATP(Seviour819　　　　　　　　　　28etal.,1999).ATP.ATP(Hooper,1984a).ADPATP,()O2.ATP,PeterMitchel(1961),ADP,2.2　(Ⅰ:NADH,Ⅲ:bc1,Ⅳ:,Q:Q(),C:c,ADP:,ATP:)Fig.2　Diagramofthechemiosmotichypothesis2,,(NADH、Q、bc1、c)3(Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ).3.,,H+.H+,,,(protonmotiveforce,pmf)(Ferguson,1982).,F0F1-ATP,F0F1-ATP,ATP.1ATP,NADH,6,3ATP.,NH3ATP,..3　(Thestoichiometryofpartialnitrification),,.ATP,ATP.,,ATP.,,,()ATP,.,.,、(Gradyetal.,1999).McCarty(1975),:(Rc),(Rd)(Ra).,,NH+4、O2,NH+4NO-2,O2H2O3.fs.(McCarty,1975):10+3fs40NH+4+1-fs476O2+fs4CO216NO-2+fs20C5H7NO2+5-3fs15H++10+9fs60H2O(5)(5)fs0.05,C5H7NO2,1.1(McCarty,1975).、C/N、.1,,1g3.43gO2.,3.16gO2,0.146g,Yn0.146.7.07g0.08g.A,A1g8205:(3.43gO2)B(3.16gO2).A(7.14g)B(7.07g),A.,()(),Yn.1　Table1　Thestoichiometryofthepartialnitrificationreaction/g1)C/N/g1),2)/g1),3)ANH+4+1.5O2NO-2+2H++H2O3.43—-7.14—B55NH+4+76O2+5CO254NO-2+C5H7NO2+109H++52H2O3.160.08-7.070.146　　:1)、N;2)CaCO3,;3)C5H7NO24　(Thekineticsofpartialnitrification)(),.(),.,Yntheo,Yntrue,YntheoYntrue.,,Monod(Monod,1949),Henze(1987)、Barker(1998)Grady(1999),,.:①;②;③μnmax、KN、vmax;④.4.1　氨氧化菌生长动力学,Monod,,(6).μn=1XdxdtT=μnmaxNKN+N(6),μn(g·g-1·d-1);μnmax(g·g-1·d-1);x(mg·L-1);N(mg·L-1);KN,(mg·L-1).4.1.1　氨氧化菌增殖动力学参数μnmax、KN的确定　,.,μnmax、KN.(1)xt,.,,,,.:①:dxdt=μnmaxKXKN+N②x、t:tln(x-x0)=KNμnmax·1N+1μnmax(7)③(7)y=ax+b,1N,tln(x-x0).,,、,,,,KNμnmax,-1KN,1μnmax,821　　　　　　　　　　28.(2),.,,,.:①、,(8).μnt=1xΔxΔt(8),μnt(g·g-1·d-1);x(mg·L-1);Δx(mg·L-1).②:μn=μnmaxNKN+N:1μn=KNμnmax·1N+1μnmax(9)③(9)1/μn～1/N,、,.4.1.2　氨氧化菌增殖比速率动力学方程的修正,,(DO)、、pH.(6)DO.DO,.DO,(McCarty,1999):μn=μnmaxN