收稿日期:2008-10-28孙开蓓1,2,张雁秋1,2,郭冬艳1,2,鹿 飞1,2(1.中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院,江苏 徐州 221008;2.江苏省资源环境信息工程重点实验室,江苏 徐州 221008):短程硝化反硝化是近年来开发的一项新的生物脱氮技术,它具有节约曝气量、节省有机碳源和减少污泥产量等优点,实现短程硝化反硝化生物脱氮技术的关键就是将硝化控制在亚硝酸阶段,阻止亚硝酸盐的进一步氧化。简要介绍了短程硝化反硝化生物脱氮技术的原理和技术特点,通过对短程硝化反硝化影响因素的分析来介绍其实现途径,阐述了温度控制途径、溶解氧控制途径、pH值控制途径、投加抑制剂途径、泥龄控制途径以及纯种分离与固定化技术途径的控制机理及其局限性,并提出了今后的研究方向。:短程硝化反硝化;影响因素;实现途径;局限性:X703 :A :1008-2301(2008)04-0033-05TheRealizingApproachesofShortcutNitrificationandDenitrification.SUNKai-bei1,2,ZHANGYan-qiu1,2,GUODong-yan1,2,LUFei1,2(1.SchoolofEnvironmentScienceandSpatialInformatics,ChinaUniversityofMiningandTechnol-ogy,Jiangsu,Xuzhou221008;2.JiangsuKeyLaboratoryofResourcesandEnvironmentalInformationEngineering,JiangsuXuzhou221008,China).EnvironmentalProtectionofXinjiang2008,30(4):33~37Abstract:Shortcutnitrificationanddenitrificationisanewbio-denitrificationtechnologydevelopedinrecentyears,ithasalotofadvantagessuchassavingsupplyofoxygen,savingcarbonandreducingsludgeproductionandsoon.Keepnitrifi-cationinthestageofnitrosificationandpreventtheoxidationofnitrousacidisthekeypointtorealizeshortcutnitrificationanddenitrification.Thispaperbrieflyintroducestheprincipleandtechnicalfeaturesofshortcutnitrificationanddenitrifica-tion,introducestherealizingapproachesthroughanalyzingitsinfluence-factors,expoundsthecontrolmechanismandthelimitationoftemperaturecontrolapproach,dissolvedoxygencontrolmethod,thepHvaluecontrolmethod,theapproachofaddinginhibitor,sludgeagecontrolmethodaswellasthetechnologyofpurebreedseparationandimmobilization.andtheresearchdirectionofshortcutnitrificationanddenitrificationareputforwardintheend.Keywords:shortcutnitrificationanddenitrification;influence-factors;realizingapproach;limitation NH4+※NO2-※NO3-※NO2-※N2,,,。NO3-,[1]。,(),,;,NO2-NO3-,,NH4+※NO2-※N2,[2]。,。1 1.1 ,,,2008,30(4):33~37 EnvironmentalProtectionofXinjiangNH4+-NNO2-,NO2-,NO2--N。1.2 1) NO2--NNO3--N,,,,[3]。2) NH4+-NNO2--N,25%,40%,24%~33%,50%[4]。3) ,NO2--N,NO2--NNO3--N[1]。4) ,pH(7.8~8.8)pH,,[1]。2 HNO2,NO2-,,,,。,,、(DO)、pH、(FA)、。2.1 ,,,,。,。[5],20℃,,,。,20℃,。[6],12℃~14℃,HNO2;15℃~30℃,;30℃HNO2。Delft(singlereactorforhighammoniumremovalovernitrite,SHARON)[7],,(SRT)(HRT)。、,(30℃~35℃),HRT,,,。,,、30℃~35℃。,,(DO)、pH。2.2 (DO)Bernet[8],,,DO1.0mgL(),。,(DO0.5mgL,60%,30%[9]),,,。DO,Bernet,,DO0.5mgL,NO2--N90%。34 30DOGentOLAND(oxygenlimitedautotrophicnitrificationdeni-triication,)[10]。,NH4+NO2-,,NO2-NH4+ANAMMOX,。,。,[11,12],。,,。2.3 pHpH,NO2--N。pH,,,。pH,[13]。,pH,pH6.0~7.5,pH7.0~8.5。[14](20℃~30℃),pH7.5~8.8,95%。,ORPpH、,[15]。,ORPpHCOD、,ORPpH,,。2.4 ,,:;;。2.4.1 (、),,(FA)。Anthonisen[16],,(FA),,。,0.6mgL,5mgL,40mgL。[14],,,。2.4.2 、,,,。,,,。,。2.4.3 ,,,,,。,,。Lees[17](KClO3-),0.001mmolL~0.01mmolL,ClO3-1mmolL~10mmolL,,(ClO2-)3mmolL,,。[18]SBR,NaClO,。HynesKnowles[19],。,354 :,。2.5 (10),,,,,。SHARON(30℃~35℃)[12]。[20]SMSBR,pH,。2.6 ,,NO2--N。(PVA),,。。11300m3d[21]。,。3 ,:1) ,、,、,,,。2) (DO)。3) pHpH,。4) FA,;,。5) ,、pH,,,,。6) ,,。,。,,,,,,。[1]叶建锋.废水生物脱氮处理新技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.[2]李亚新.活性污泥法理论与技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.[3]张小玲,彭党聪,王智盈.短程硝化反硝化技术经济特征分析[J].西安建筑科技大学学报,2002,34(3):239-242.[4]VOETJP,etal.Removalofnitrogenfromhighlynitrogenouswastewater[J].JWPCF.1975,47:394-398.[5]郑平,徐向阳,胡宝兰.新型生物脱氮理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.[6]袁林江,彭党聪,王志盈.短程硝化-反硝化生物脱氮[J].中国给水排水,2000,16(2):29-31.[7]HELLINGAC,SCHELLENAAJJ,MULDERJW,etal.TheSHARONprocess:aninnovativemethodfornitrogenremovalfromaammonium-richwastewater[J].WaterSci.Tech.,1998,37(9):135-142.[8]BERNETN,PENGDC,DELGENESJ-P,etal.Nitrificationatlowoxy-genconcentrationinbiofilmreactor[J].JEnvironEngASCE,2001,127(3):266-271.[9]LAANBROEKHJ,GERARDSS.Competitionforlimitingamountsofoxy-genbetweennitrosomanasEuropeanandNitrobacteriawinogradskyigrowninmixedcontinuouscultures[J].ArchivesofMicrobiology,1993,159:453-459.36 30[10]KUAILP,VERSRAETEW.AmmoniumremovalbytheOxygen-Limit-edautotrophicnitrification-denitrificationsystem[J].Appl.Env.Tech.,1999,39(7):13-21.[11]张小玲,王志盈,彭党聪,等.低溶解氧下活性污泥法的短程硝化研究[J].中国给水排水,2003,19(7):1-4.[12]高大文,彭永臻,王淑盈.不同方式实现短程硝化反硝化生物脱氮工艺的比较[J].中国环境科学,2005,24(5):618-622.[13]GROENEWEGJ,SELLNERB,TAPPEW.Ammoniaoxidationinnitro-somonasatNH3concentrationsnearkm:effectsofpHandtemperature[J].WarRes,1994,28(12):2561-2565.[14]于德爽,彭永臻,张相忠,等.中温短程硝化反硝化的影响因素研究[J].中国给水排水,2003,19(1):40-42.[15]高大文,彭永臻,杨庆,等.应用实时控制实现和稳定短程硝化反硝化[J].中国给水排水,2003,19(12):1-5.[16]ANTHONISENAC,LOEHRRC,PARKASAM,TBS.Inhibitionofni-trificationbyammoniaandnitrousacid[J].JWPCE,1976,48(5):835-860.[17]LEESH,SIMPSONJR.Thebiochemistryofthenitrifyingorganisms5ni-triteoxidationbynitrobacter[J].BiochemJ,1957,65:297-305.[18]宋学起,彭永臻,王淑莹,等.投加抑制剂实现短程硝化反硝化[J].水处理技术,2005,31(4):38-40.[19]HYNESRK.KNOWLESR.Inhibitionofchemoautotrophicnitrificationbysodiumchlorateandsodiumchlorite:Areex-amination[J].ApplEn-virMicrobiol,1983,45:1178-1182.[20]李春杰,顾国维.SMSBR处理焦化废水中的短程硝化反硝化[J].中国给水排水,2001,17(17):8-12.[21]TANANKAK.Applicationofnitrificationbycellsimmobilizedinpolyeth-yleneglycol[J].ProgBiotech,1996,11(immobilized):622-632.:孙开蓓(1983-),女,河南郑州人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为水污染控制工程。E-mail:sunkaib