短程硝化反硝化生物脱氮技术

40　10200810　　　　　　　　　JOURNALOFHARBININSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGY　Vol.40No.10Oct.2008　　　　　　1,2,1,3,1(1.,150090,E-mail:[e-mail];2.,100085;3.,100022)　:为防止湖泊和其他受纳水体富营养化的发生,各城市污水处理厂均应用新的运行方法和控制策略进行脱氮除磷.随着新的微生物处理技术的介入,污水处理设施的功效得到显著提高.短程硝化反硝化技术应用于处理高氨氮质量浓度和低C/N比污水时,在经济上和技术上均具有较高的可行性.成功实现短程硝化反硝化技术的关键是将硝化反应控制并维持在亚硝酸盐阶段,不进行亚硝酸盐至硝酸盐的转化.从不同角度对成功实现、维持和应用短程硝化反硝化技术的方法进行探讨,主要包括控制DO质量浓度、调节污泥龄、反应温度、系统pH、底物负荷、工艺运行方式、抑制剂等.:污水处理;生物脱氮;短程硝化;反硝化;SHARON工艺;短程硝化反硝化:TU991.2:A:0367-6234(2008)10-1552-06BiologicalnitrogenremovalwithnitrificationanddenitrificationvianitritepathwayZHUGui-bing1,2,PENGYong-zhen1,3,GUOJian-hua1(1.SchoolofMunicipalandEnvironmentalEngineering,HarbinInstituteofTechnology,Harbin150090,China,E-mail:[e-mail];2.StateKeyLaboratoryofEnvironmentalAquaticChemistry,ResearchCenterforEco-EnvironmentalSciences,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100085,China;3.KeyLaboratoryofBeijingWaterQualityScienceandWaterEnvironmentRecoveryEngineering,BeijingUniversityofTechnology,Beijing100022,China)Abstract:Theefficiencyofwastewatertreatmentpracticescanbesignificantlyimprovedthroughtheintroduc-tionofnewmicrobialtreatmenttechnologies.Inordertomeetincreasingstringentdischargestandards,newapplicationsandcontrolstrategiesforthesustainableremovalofammoniumfromwastewaterhavetobeimple-mented.Partialnitrificationtonitritewasreportedtobetechnicallyfeasibleandeconomicallyfavorable,espe-ciallywhenthewastewaterwithhighammoniumconcentrationsorlowC/Nratioswastreated.Forsuccessfulimplementationofthetechnology,thecriticalpointishowtomaintainthepartialnitrificationofammoniumtonitrite.Nitritationcanbeobtainedbyselectivelyinhibitingthenitriteoxidizingbacteriathroughappropriateregulationofthesystem'sDOconcentration,microbialSRT,pH,temperature,substrateload,operationalandaerationpattern,inhibitorandsoon.Thisreviewaddressesthemicrobiology,itsconsequencesforappli-cation,thecurrentstatusregardingapplication,anditsfuturedevelopments.Keywords:wastewatertreatment;biologicalnitrogenremoval;partialnitrification;denitrification;SHARONprocess;shortcutnitrificantion-denitrification:2006-04-03.:(50521140075);(863-2004AA601020).:(1978—),,;(1949—),,,.　　,,[1].,[2,3]:25%;40%;1.5～2;.,C/N[3].SHARON[4].SHARON、[5].、.,,[6].、、,.1　短程硝化反硝化的生物可行性,,.[7].,,β-Proteobacteriaγ-Proteobacteria.α-Proteobacteria,γ-Proteobacteriaδ-ProteobacteriaNitrospira,γ-ProteobacteriaNitrosococcusNitrococcus,,,[8,9].2　短程硝化反硝化的关键控制因子2.1　20℃,μmax0.801d-10.788d-1.68kJ/mol44kJ/mol,[10],1.20℃,μmax,20℃,μmax,,,,,[11-13].,.AOBNOB35℃38℃[14].Hyungseok22～27℃,15℃.,15℃.BalmelleHyungseok,25℃.SHARON.SHARON35℃[15].,25℃,[16].15℃.SHARON(25℃).,.2.2　(),,,[10].、SRT1.Pollice,32℃,,40d10d,.SharonHRTSRT,HRT.VanKampenSharon,1～2.5d[4].(12d).1　·1553·10,:　　1,25℃,SRT,,25℃,,.25℃,(4.183kJ/(kg·K),20℃),.2.3　,,..[17].[13].,,DO1.0～1.5mg/L,.,32℃21℃[18].SBRpHORP2.,,,pH.,pH,,.,.2　SBRpHORP2.4　DO0.2～0.4mg/L,1.2～1.5mg/L,[12].,,DO,,,[19,20].DO,,,.DO,,DO.Hanaki[19]0.5mg/L,1,,(0.5mg/L),.Garrido[21]1.5mg/L,.Ruiz[22]DO0.7mg/L,65%98%,0.5mg/L,DO1.7mg/L.DO1.4mg/L,75%95%.DO,ρ(DO)1.5mg/L,,.[20].DO.(2AB),,DO[18].2.5　pHpH.2.5.1　(FA)pH:ρFA=1714×[NH+4-N]×10pHKb/Kw+10pH.ρFANH3(mg/L),[NH4+-N]N(mg/L),Kb,Kw..pH[23].pH=8.5、t=20℃,5mg/L.7mg/L.·1554·　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　40　20mg/L.,,,[2,24].FA,[23,25].2.5.2　(HNO2)pH:HNO2/%=1001+[Ka]/10-pH.　　,NO2-,pHHNO2.pHNH3,HNO2,[25].Joanna[23]0.04mg/L,.2.5.3　Free-hydroxylamine(FH)YangandAlleman[26],,,.Stuven,[0.7kg/(m3·d)],,,.2～5d,.Stuven,,[27].NH3/NH4+,pH.2.5.4　130300mg/L,pH3.pH7.0,,SRT,SRT.pH3　pH6.3,,SRT[4].2.6　,.,,,4[9].,,,,,,[25].,,[28].4　2.7　:NH3、、[29].,Ag、Hg、Ni、CrZn,;pH,.、,[30].、,CuI-CuII,Cu,.,[31].[32].,1mmol/L10mmol/L,,3mmol/L,;.,[33].、·1555·10,:,[34].,[35].3　综合评述,.,pH、FA,,.,,..FA,FA,..FA,FA,,.4　结　论1),..DO、SRT、,、pH、,.2)DO,DO,DO(COD).,..3),,、50mg/L.、、.参考文献:[1]FDZ-POLANCOF,VILLAVERDES,GARCIAPA.Temperatureeffectonnitrifyingbacteriaactivityinbio-filters:Activationandfreeammoniainhibition[J].WatSciTech,1994,30(11):121-130.[2]BECCARIM,MARANIE,RAMADORIR,etal.Ki-neticofdissimilatorynitrateandnitritereductioninsus-pendedgrowthculture[J].JWatPollutControlFed,1983,55:58-64.[3]TURKO,MAVINICDS.Benefitsofusingselectivein-hibitiontoremovenitrogenfromhighlynitrogenouswastes[J].EnvironTechnolLett,1987,8:419-426.[4]KEMPENvanR,MULDERJW,UIJTERLLNDECA,etal.Overview:FullscaleexperienceoftheSHARONprocessfortreatmentofrejectionwaterofdigestedsludgedewatering[J].WaterSciTechnol,2001,44:145-152.[5]STOWA.TreatmentofNitrogenRichReturnFlowsofSewageTreatmentPlants.EvaluationofDutchPilotPlant.ResearchProjects(inDutch)[R].STOWA,1995.[6]PENGYZ,CHENT,TIANWJ.NitrogenremovalvianitriteatnormaltemperatureinA/Oprocess[J].Jour-nalofEnvironmentalScienceandHealthpartA-Toxic/HazardousSubstancesandEnvironmentalEngineering,2003,39(7):1667-1680.[7]SCHMIDTI,SLIEKERSO,SCHMIDM,etal.Newconceptsofmicrobialtreatmentprocessesforthenitrogenremovalinwastewater[J].FEMSMicrobiologyRe-views,2003,27:481-492.[8]LIPPONENMTT,SUUTARIMH,MARTIKAINENPJ.OccurrenceofnitrifyingbacteriaandnitrificationinFinnishdrinkingwaterdistributionsystems[J].WatRes,2002,36:4319-4329.[9],,.[M].:,2