短程硝化颗粒污泥的培养与特性分析李凌云

第32卷第3期土木建筑与环境工程Vol.32No.32010年06月JournalofCivil,Architectural&EnvironmentalEngineeringJun.2010李凌云,彭永臻,吴　蕾,王淑莹,马　勇(北京工业大学北京市水质科学与水环境恢复工程重点试验室,北京100124):2009-09-10:(50808128);(PXM2008014204050843);“”(QAK200802);———(CTD-2009-08):(1980-),,,,(E-mail)[e-mail]。(),,,,(E-mail)[e-mail]。　:在SBR反应器中,接种普通活性污泥,以沉降时间为选择要素,逐渐提高氨氮负荷成功培养了以氨氧化细菌(AOB)为优势菌的好氧硝化颗粒污泥,其形态近似为球形或椭圆形,平均粒径1.1mm,平均沉降速率为1.9cm·s-1,SVI在18.2～31.4mL·g-1之间,对氨氮的去除率达95%,亚硝酸盐积累率维持在80%～90%。颗粒污泥形成后,氨氧负荷达到了0.0455kgNH4+-N(kgMLSS·d)-1,与启动期相比,提高了4.55倍。分子生物学FISH技术对颗粒污泥菌群结构的定量分析表明,AOB占全部菌群的14.9%左右,NOB占0.89%左右。反应初期高FA和反应后期高FNA的共同作用可能是该研究中实现和维持稳定短程硝化的关键。:好氧颗粒污泥;短程硝化;氨氧化细菌;游离氨;游离亚硝酸:X703.1　　:A　　:1674-4764(2010)03-0119-05CultivationandCharacteristicsAnalysisofNitrifyingGranulesinSequencingBatchReactorLILing-yun,PENGYong-zhen,WULei,WANGShu-ying,MAYong(KeyLaboratoryofBeijingforWaterQualityScienceandWaterEnvironmentalRecoveryEngineering,BeijingUniversityofTechnology,Beijing100124,P.R.China)Abstract:ASBRinoculatedwithconventionalactivatedsludgewasemployedtocultivateaerobicgranularsludge.Undertheselectivepressureofsettlingtime,theformationofnitrifyinggranulesenrichedwiththeammoniaoxidizingbacteria(AOB)wasachievedbyincreasingthenitrogenloadingrate(NLR).Thenitrifyinggranulewasshapedlikeasphereoraellipsoidwithanequivalentdiameterofapproximate1.1mm,anaveragesettlingvelocityof1.9cm·s-1andthesludgevolumeindexof18.2～31.4mL·g-1.Astheaerobicgranularsystemwasoperatedstably,theNLRreachedavalueof0.0455kgNH4+-N·(kgMLSS·d)-1withammoniaremovalefficiencyabove95%andnitriteaccumulationratiointherangeof80%～90%.TheNLRwas4.55timeshigherthanthatofthestart-upperiod.TheenrichmentofthenitrifyingbacteriawasquantifiedbyFISHanalysiswhichindicatedthatAOBwas14.9%ofthetotalbacteriaandnitriteoxidizingbacteria(NOB)was0.89%.ItisconcludedthattheassociatedinhibitionofFAatthestartofthereactionandFNAattheendofthereactionwouldbethekeyfactorstostartupandmaintainthestablenitritation.Keywords:aerobicgranules;nitritation;ammoniaoxidizingbacteria;freeammonia;freenitrous　　、,。,,。,,[1]。,、SVI、、,,[2-6]。,Tsuneda[7]1.5kg·m-3·d-1346μm;KimSeo[8]Nitrosomonasa64.0%,NIitrosospira6.5%。Wilen[9]AOBNitrosomonas,Nitrobacter。,,2:1)。2)。,,,;、,,[10]。SBR,,(AOB),,。AOB、,。1　1.1　SBRSBR,50cm,20cm,12L,11L,,,,10cm,。IKARW2.0,,,。。Multi340ipH、DOpHDO。SBR,6,4h,8min,3.5h,15～1min,5min2min。0.3m3·h-1,7L,7L,7/11,6h,25±0.5℃。1.2　,4L,4500mg·L-1。(1),,400mg·L-1。(mg·L-1):FeCl3·6H2O(1.5)、H3BO3(0.15)、KI(0.18)、MnCl2·4H2O(0.12)、Na2MoO4·2H2O(0.06)、ZnSO4·7H2O(0.12)、CoCl2·6H2O(0.15)、EDTA(10)。NH4+-N50mg·L-1200mg·L-1,,,:Ⅰ(1～12)、Ⅱ(13～40)、Ⅲ(41～64)、Ⅳ(65～186)NH4+-N50、100、150、200mg·L-1。30min,NaHCO3,,pH7.5～8.0。1　/(mg·L-1)COD400PO43--P4MgSO4·7H2O0.02CaCl2·2H2O0.010.5751.3　COD、NH4+-N、NO3--N、NO2--N、MLSS[11]。BX-51OLYMPUSC24040ZOOM。,FEIQuanta200。(、、、、、、)Beun[12]。Amann(FISH)[13]。。,,120土木建筑与环境工程　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　第32卷50%、80%98%3min。,46℃2h。,48℃20min。,20～25(IPP6.0Software)。2　AOB,,,、3。2.1　,SBR,NH4+-N50mg/L,CODCr400mg/L,15min,12,,NH4+-N。,,。,,,SVI136.98mL·g-1。12、8、5、32min,,1600～1800mg·L-1。,,,。114(19d),2min,,,,,0.5mm,SVI136.98mL·g-118.5mL·g-1,1。1　150(25d),0.8～1.2mm。。2　78,NH4+-N/COD200/400,10mg·L-1,,,95%,,0.01kgNH4+-N·(kgMLSS·d)-10.0455kgNH4+-N·(kgMLSS·d)-1,4.55,5.0mg/L。,(NO2--N·(NO3--N+NO2--N)-1)90%(2)。,FISH1150。,,NOB,AOBNOB1.9%2.8%,150,AOB14.9%,NOB0.89%。2.2　。,,,1.1mm,1.9cm·s-1,96.1%,(99%)。0.52g·g-1,0.5×104m2·m-3,80.4%,,,,,,,(OUR)0.069mgO2·(g·min)-1。121第3期李凌云,等:短程硝化颗粒污泥的培养与特性分析34。,,。,,,。3　4　()()2.3　SVI2。。15min,1min,64%。,1～36SRT5～7d,,SRT18～20d,1700mg·L-1。,(FA)(FNA),,FA0.1～1.0mgN·L-1,NOB[8]。Chang[14],FA0.2mgN·L-1,。Anthonisen[15]Hellinga[16]FNA0.220.2mgHNO2-N·L-1。Vadivelu[17]FNA0.01mgN·L-1Nitrobacter,0.02mgN·L-1,。,FNA,Nitrobacter。5(FA)、(FNA)。12.17mgN·L-1,NOB,,FA,FANOB,,FNA,FNA0.003mgN·L-1。1450,FA3.756.97mgN·L-1,FNA0.01750.023mgN·L-1,FNA0.02mgN·L-1。FNAFANOB。DO3.0～5.6mg·L-1,。5　FAFNA3　1)SBR,,,,。,,,,,,,。2)FAFNA。FISH,AOB,14.9%,NOB0.89%。3)AOB,0.0455kgNH4+-N/(kgMLSS·d),5.0mg/L,122土木建筑与环境工程　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　第32卷95%,,4.55。:[1]XIUFENL,JIANC,YANJUNL,etal.Characteristicsofaerobicbiogranulesfrommembranebioreactorsystem[J].JournalofMembraneScience,2007,287(2):294-299.[2]THANHBX,VISVANATHANC,AIMRB.Characterizationofaerobicgranularsludgeatvariousorganicloadingrates[J].ProcessBiochemistry,2009,44(2):242-245.[3]ZHUL,XUX,LUOW,etal.Formationandmicrobialcommunityanalysisofchloroanilines-degradingaerobicgranulesinthesequencingairliftbioreactor[J].JournalofAppliedMicrobiology,2008,104(1):152-160.[4]YUHQ.Formationandcharacteristicsofaerobicgranulesforwastewatertreatment[C]//InInternationalConferenceonAdvancesinChemicalTechnologiesforWaterandWastewaterTreatment,2008.Xian,P.R.China:ShaanxiSci&TechPublHouse.[5]XIAOF,YANGSF,LIXY.Physicalandhydrodynamicpropertiesofaerobicgranulesproducedinsequencingbatchreactors[J].SeparationandPurificationTechnology,2008,63(3):634-641.[6]ADAVSS,LEEDJ,SHOWKY,etal.Aerobicgranularsludge:Recentadvances[J].BiotechnologyAdvances,2008,26(5):411-423.[7]TSUNEDAS,NAGANOT,HOSHINOT,etal.Characterizationofnitrifyinggranulesproducedinanaerobicupflowfluidizedbedreactor[J].WaterResea