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、[1]。NH3、N2O、CH4+PMO、SPPA3、、0.25L·kg-1DW·min-160L。PMO55.4%NH3N2OCH4PMO78.3%。SP37.5%NH376.4%CH4N2O。SP4.0·t-1。PANH312.4%。。X71A1672-2043201802-0369-07doi:10.11654/jaes.2017-0996ComprehensivecomparisonofdifferentnitrogeninsituconservationagentsduringcompostingJIANGTao1,2,CHANGJia-li1,MAXu-guang1,LIGuo-xue2*1.CollegeofChemistry,LeshanNormalUniversity,Leshan614004,China;2.CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentSciences,ChinaAgri－culturalUniversity,Beijing100193,ChinaAbstractDifferentnitrogeninsituconservationagents,includingH3PO4+MgOPMO,superphosphateSP,andphosphoricacidPA,weresystematicallyevaluatedintermsoftheireffectsonnitrogenlosscontrol,greenhousegasemissionsduringcomposting,andcompostproductqualityandcost.Pigfecesandmaizestrawwerechosenastherawmaterials.Sixty-litercompostingvesselswereusedandtheaera－tionrateswereallsetto0.25L·kg-1DW·min-1.TheapplicationrateofthePMOandPAtreatmentswas15%moleratioofinitialtotalni－trogen.ComparedwiththeCKtreatmentwithoutanyadditives,thePMOtreatmentcouldreducetheNH3emissionsby55.4%,butshowednosignificanteffectontheN2OandCH4emissions.ThecompostingproductofthePMOtreatmentcouldbethoroughlydecomposed,withtherelativequantityofstruvitereaching78.3%.TheSPtreatmentcouldreducetheNH3andCH4emissionsby37.5%and75.0%,re－spectively,withoutanyinfluenceonN2Oemissions.Calculationofthecostofnutrientsconservedinthecompostshowedthatthehighestprofitof4CNY·t-1wasobtainedintheSPtreatment.AlthoughthePAtreatmenthadthelowestNH3emissionrate12.4%ofinitialTN,itconservedthenitrogenintheformofammonium,whichcausedtheprematureterminationofthecompost.Eventhoughstruviteprecipitationtechnologyplaysakeyroleinnitrogenlosscontrolduringcomposting,thehighcostofPApreventswidespreadutilizationofthistechnology.Ingeneral,itisnecessarytofindcheaperalternativematerialsasalternativestoPAinfuturestudies.Keywordscomposting;ammonia;struvite;greenhousegas;cost2017－07－162017－09－191981—。E-mailcomposting@163.com*E-mailligx@cau.edu.cn412012822016YFD0800601ProjectsupportedTheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina41201282NationalKeyResearchandDevelopmentProgram2016YFD08006012018372:369-37520182JournalofAgro-EnvironmentScience.[J].,2018,372369-375.JIANGTao,CHANGJia-li,MAXu-guang,etal.Comprehensivecomparisonofdifferentnitrogeninsituconservationagentsduringcomposting[J].JournalofAgro-EnvironmentScience,2018,372369-375.12112*1.6140042．1001933721Table1ThecharactersoftherawmaterialsTOC-TN-DW。TOC/g·kg-1DWTN/g·kg-1DWNH+4/g·kg-1DWNO-3/mg·kg-1DW/%349±22.126.5±2.16.1±1.2116.2±15.177.8±2.1419±8.29.9±0.7009.3±0.2374.8±11.820.4±2.93.8±0.973.8±10.269.2±3.8。CH4N2O100GWP100CO228265[2]N2O[3]。NH3[4-6]PM2.5[47]。NH3[58-11]、MgNH4PO4·6H2O3[48]。、、、3。11.110d。5~10cm。7∶130kg1。60L[4]。P2O512%。。1.24H3PO4+MgOPMO、SPH3PO4PACK3。PMO15%[4]。PASPPMO15%。4%[8]。0.25L·kg-1DW·min-1。35d4、10、18、26d0、4、10、18、26、35d。100g、200TOC、TN-4℃、NH+4、NO-3、GI。1.3CH4N2O[12]。2%0.05mol·L-1H2SO4[1]。O2Biogas5000Geotech。1~213~53~4。[4]。TOCTNElementarvarioMACROcube。XRigakuDmax12kW。1∶1030minGI。8mL1020±1℃24、96h。GI%=××100/×。2mol·L-1KCl1∶20TechniconAutoanalysersystemNH+4NO-3。ExcelSPSS17.0。22.1O21A。PA。H3PO4pH2APA、。pH37032120182[4]。24。O210%~15%。O2[13]。4O220%。PMOCKO2P=0.860H3PO4+MgO。PAP0.001SPP=0.002O23~17dCKH3PO4。O2。O2O2[11]。SP20%。。2.22AH3PO4PASPpHCK。、NH+4pH[4]。1NH33ApH。pH。PASPpHCK。pHpH。H3PO4+MgOPMOpHP=0.821。NH3TN2B。NH3TN[12-13]。PMOTNCKP0.001。PASPNH3CK3A2TOCCK2EPASPTNCK。NH+4GI50%[14]。1NH+4GI4PAGI80%。2C、2D2FPMOGI100%CKH3PO4+MgO。PAGI80%。pHNH+4GI。NH+4GIr=0.556P=0.037[14]。SPNH+4PAP=0.395GIPASPPA[4]。2.3NH3NH33A1。、pHNH+4NH3[4]。NH+4[15]。NH32~9g·d-1。3NH+41ABFigure1TemperatureAandO2contentBevolutionduringthecompostingCKPMOSPPAAir85756555453525/d/℃0714212835A252015105/dO2/%0714212835B371372400350300250/dTOC/g·kg-1DW0714212835E9.08.07.06.0/dpH0714212835A2Figure2EvolutionofchemicalpropertyduringcompostingNH3。[11]。PMONH3CKP=0.023。PMONH3CK55.4%2。NH+4MgNH4PO4·6H2ONH+4NH3[9]。PMO78.3%3。PMONH+4CKP=0.882。NH+4[516]。Fukumoto[5]NH+4NH+4。2.0mol·L-1KClNH+4[5]。PANH3CK61.8%。pHNH3NH+4PA[16]。pHPA42.2%CK22.7%2NH3。SPNH3PMOCK。NH3CK37.5%。3732272217/dTN/g·kg-1DW0714212835B129630/dNH+4/g·kg-10714212835C4003002001000/dNO-3/mg·kg-10714212835D12080400/dGI/%0714212835FCKPMOSPPA372321201823Table3Mineralcompositionofthefinalcompostproduct。CKPMOSPPA/%5.7±0.678.3±5.315.3±5.320.7±3.6/%9.3±0.63.0±07.7±1.35.3±0.6/%48.0±3.910.7±0.745.0±3.343.0±1.0/%26.7±1.27.3±1.521.0±1.022.3±2.6/%4.0±1.0—1.7±0.31.0±0.3/%1.3±0.6—7.0±0.61.0±0.3/%3.3±0.6—1.0±0.61.0±0/%0.7±0.61.0±0—2.7±0/%1.3±0.6—1.3±03.0±0.3=---、=×。4Figure4Nitrogenbalance/%100806040200SPPMOCKPAN2ONH3129630/dNH3/g·d-10714212835A3NH3A、N2OB、CH4CFigure3NH3AN2OBandCH4Cemissionchangesduringcomposting2Table2Thebalanceofnitrogenandcarbon=×－×=×－×。H3PO4PASPNH3pHNH3NH3。SPPA15.3%20.7%3。H3PO4NH+4、Mg2+4。1.00.80.60.40.20/dN2O/g·d-10714212835B1086420/dCH4/g·d-10714212835CCKPMOSPPACH4/%/%N2O/%NH3/%/%CK1.7±0.364.9±5.11.5±0.132.5±3.337.5±3.2PMO1.8±0.263.1±3.31.4±0.114.5±2.118.8±2.3SP0.4±0.154.0±4.61.4±0.220.3±2.724.8±3.6PA1.1±0.342.2±5.62.0±0.212.4±2.515.5±2.83733724Table4Costbalance。。http//。2.4N2O3B[417-19]。ElKader