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20,,1.,,;,(),11,:;,(),N2,(),70%95%,,,[11]2.,,A/OA2/O,,,,,,,,,1932,Wuhrmann(post-denitrification),LudzackEttinger1962(pre-denitrification),1973BarnardA/O,BardenphoPhoredox(A2/O)UCTJBHAAA,[12]3.A/OA/O70[13]A/OA/OA/O2[14]2A/O4./(A2/O)A2-O,NH3NO2-NNO3-N,,NO2-NNO3-NN2,A2/OA/OA2/O3[14]3A2/O5.(A1-A2/O)A1A2/OA2/O,A1A2/OA1/O(A1),(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,CODDO:(1),,;(2),,HRT,,;(3),,;(4),NH3-NNO2-;(5),,[15]6.:,;/,;,(Thiosphaerapantotropha),NH4+NO2-[16]:()(shortcutnitreification-denitrification)(simultaneousnitreification-denitrifi-cation-SND)(AnaerobicAmmoniumOxidation-ANAMMOX)7.(ANA-MMOX),,:(1),,;(2)1molNH4+2mol,,1molNH4+0.75mol,62.5%(),,;(3)1molNH4+2molH+,1molNO3-NO2-1molOH-,,,[17]8.HNO2,,:NH+4HNO2N2:25%,;40%,C/N,TN;50%;,HNO2[18]DelftSHARON,Dokhaven[19]9.,,:,;,,;,,[20],400mg/L,70%95%,,,,;,,,,A/O,SBR(),1.,pH[21]2.,,,,,N2,:MCl2MNH3-N8:l-10:120mg/L,90%,pH,pHNO3-,NCl3,,pH6-8[22],,,pH,,3.2060H3PO4MgONH4+Mg+PO43-NH4+MgNH4PO4*6H2O(MAP)MAP,MgOH+NH4+-NPO43-NPMAP,MAPpHMAP-NH4+-N-MAP,MAP12MAP4.1231986,[23],:(NH3-N)(),,,,,NH4+,,,,,,NH3-H2SO4,(NH4)2SO4,,1.(50mg/L),,,11mg/L,;,25mg/L75%[24]AichiAichi-ken[25],,5%,,:,400mg/L,70%95%,,,,;,,,,,,;,,,;,;,,;,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,:12,,,,:1,2,34(MBR)56